Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḏikar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḏikar- m

1. man, male

Reconstruction notes

Kogan (2011) reconstructs *ḏakar- instead.

Inflection

Declension of *ḏikar-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḏikarum	*ḏikarāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ḏikarim	*ḏikarayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ḏikaram
possessive forms
1st person	*ḏikarī / *ḏikarVya	—	*ḏikarVni
2nd person m	*ḏikarVka	*ḏikarVkumā / *ḏikarVkumay	*ḏikarVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḏikarVki		*ḏikarVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḏikarVšu	*ḏikarVšumā / *ḏikarVšumay	*ḏikarVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḏikarVša		*ḏikarVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḏikaruya for nom. case, *ḏikariya for gen. case, *ḏikaraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḏikar- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḏikaruka *ḏikarāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ḏikarika *ḏikarayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ḏikaraka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḏikar- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḏikaruki *ḏikarāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ḏikariki *ḏikarayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ḏikaraki

See also

• *ḏakar- (“remember”)

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒍑 (zikarum), 𒈬 (zikrum, “mention”)
  • Eblaite: 𒍑 (NITA /⁠ḏakarum⁠/, “male”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: ذَكَر (ḏakar, “male”)
      • Egyptian Arabic: دكر (dákar)
      • Gulf Arabic: ذَكَر (ḏəkər), ذِكَر (ḏekər)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: דִּכְרָא (diḵrā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܕܷ݁ܟܪܳܐ (deḵrā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: זָכָר (zakhár, zāḵār)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎋𐎗 (dkr /⁠dakaru⁠/, “male; ram”)
  • Old South Arabian:
    • Sabaean: 𐩹𐩫𐩧 (ḏkr): ()

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 234
• Schwally, Friedrich (1891) “Miscellen”, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German), volume 11, pages 178–179