νεφρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Old High German nioro.

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /nepʰrós/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /nɛpʰrós/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /neɸrós/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /nefrós/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /nefɾós/

Noun

νεφρός (genitive νεφροῦ) m, second declension; (nephros)

1. (usually in plural) kidney
2. testicle
3. mind

Inflection

Second declension of νεφρός, νεφροῦ

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	νεφρός	νεφρώ	νεφροί
Genitive	νεφροῦ	νεφροῖν	νεφρῶν
Dative	νεφρῷ	νεφροῖν	νεφροῖς
Accusative	νεφρόν	νεφρώ	νεφρούς
Vocative	νεφρέ	νεφρώ	νεφροί

Descendants

• Greek: νεφρό

References

• LSJ
• BDAG
• Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill Academic Publishers)
• Strong’s concordance number: G3510