χάος

Ancient Greek

Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected to χαίνω (khainō), χάσκω (khaskō, “I gape, yawn”)

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /kʰá.os/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /kʰáos/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /xáos/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /xáos/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /xáos/

Noun

χάος (genitive χάεος, χάους) n, third declension; (khaos)

1. the primordial state of existence
2. space, air
3. abyss, chasm
4. infinite darkness

Inflection

Third declension of χάος, χάεος (uncontracted)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	χάος	χάεε	χάεᾰ
Genitive	χάεος	χαέοιν	χαέων
Dative	χάεϊ	χαέοιν	χάεσσῐ(ν)
Accusative	χάος	χάεε	χάεᾰ
Vocative	χάος	χάεε	χάεᾰ

This inflection pattern originally had a sigma (i.e. χάεσος), which was dropped early on in the history of Ancient Greek.

Third declension of χάος, χάους (contracted)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	χάος	χάει	χάη
Genitive	χάους	χαοῖν	χαῶν
Dative	χάει	χαοῖν	χάεσῐ(ν)
Accusative	χάος	χάει	χάη
Vocative	χάος	χάει	χάη

The irregular accentuation of this paradigm is explained by the fact that it is the contracted version of the above paradigm.

Descendants

• English: chaos
• Greek: χάος (chaos)
• Latin: chaos
• Russian: хаос

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /kʰá.os/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /kʰáos/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /xáos/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /xáos/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /xáos/

Adjective

χάος m, χάος f, χάον n; second declension; (khaos)

1. Alternative spelling of χάϊος. "genuine, true"

Inflection

    Second declension of χάος, χάον

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case \ Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	χάος	χάον		χάω	χάω		χάοι	χάα
Genitive	χάου	χάου		χάοιν	χάοιν		χάων	χάων
Dative	χάῳ	χάῳ		χάοιν	χάοιν		χάοις	χάοις
Accusative	χάον	χάον		χάω	χάω		χάους	χάα
Vocative	χάε	χάον		χάω	χάω		χάοι	χάα

References

• LSJ
• Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill Academic Publishers)
• Woodhouse’s English-Greek Dictionary page 1006

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Greek

Noun

χάος (cháos) n,   plural χάη

1. chaos, disorder, mess
2. (mathematics) chaos

Declension

declension of χάος

	singular (ενικός)	plural (πληθυντικός)
nominative (ονομαστική)	χάος	χάη
genitive (γενική)	χάους	χαών
accusative (αιτιατική)	χάος	χάη
vocative (κλητική)	χάος	χάη

See also

• Χάος on the Greek Wikipedia.el.Wikipedia