бꙑти
Contents |
Old Church Slavonic [edit]
Etymology [edit]
From Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bʔutei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuh₂- (see Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian būti and Latvian būt. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin fuī (“I was”), Ancient Greek φύω (phúō), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati, “to become”), and Persian بودن (budan, “to be”).
Suppletive present forms are also inherited; єсмь (esmĭ), from Proto-Slavic *jesmь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-. Cognates include Old English beon-wesan (eom, eart, is), Old Norse em, est, es, Gothic 𐌹𐌼, 𐌹𐍃, 𐌹𐍃𐍄, Avestan ahmi (Persian بودن (budan) and است (ast)), Greek εἰμί, εἶ, ἐστί, Latin esse (sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt), (from which French être, Italian essere, Spanish ser), Lithuanian esu, Albanian jam.
Verb [edit]
бꙑти (byti)
- to be
Conjugation [edit]
| present | imperfective | aorist | future | imperative | perfective aorist | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | єсмь | — | бѣхъ | бѫдѫ | — | бꙑхъ |
| 2nd person sg | єси | — | бѣ | бѫдєши | бѫди | бꙑстъ (бꙑ) |
| 3rd person sg | єстъ | бѣашє | бѣ | бѫдєтъ | бѫди | бꙑстъ (бꙑ) |
| 1st person dual | єсвѣ | — | бѣховѣ | бѫдєвѣ | бѫдѣвѣ | бꙑховѣ |
| 2nd person dual | єста | — | бѣста | бѫдєта | бѫдѣта | бꙑста |
| 3rd person dual | єстє | бѣашєтє | бѣстє | бѫдєтє | бѫдѣтє | бꙑстє |
| 1st person pl | єсмъ | — | бѣхомъ | бѫдємъ | бѫдѣмъ | бꙑхомъ |
| 2nd person pl | єстє | — | бѣстє | бѫдєтє | бѫдѣтє | бꙑстє |
| 3rd person pl | сѫтъ | бѣахѫ | бѣшѧ | бѫдѫтъ | бѫдѫ | бꙑшѧ |
participles
| masculine sg | neuter sg | feminine sg | |
|---|---|---|---|
| present active participle | сꙑ | сꙑ | сѫшти |
| resultative participle | бꙑлъ | бꙑло | бꙑла |
| past active participle | бꙑвъ | бꙑвъ | бꙑвъши |
| substantive | — | бꙑтьє | — |
нє бꙑти (negative conjugation)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | нѣсмь | нѣсвѣ | нѣсмъ |
| 2nd person | нѣси | нѣста | нѣстє |
| 3rd person | нѣстъ | нѣстє | нє сѫтъ |
