שום

Aramaic

Noun

שום • (šum)

1. singular construct state of שְׁמָא (šəmā)

Hebrew

Etymology 1

See under שָׂם (sám).

Verb

שׂוּם • (sum) or שׂוֹם • (som)

1. bare infinitive of שָׂם (sam)
   • Tanach, Jeremiah 42:15, with translation of the English Standard Version:

     אִם אַתֶּם שׂוֹם תְּשִׂמוּן פְּנֵיכֶם לָבֹא מִצְרַיִם

     im atém som t'simún p'nechém lavó mitsráyim

     If you set your faces to enter Egypt

   • Tanach, Haggai 2:15, with Young's Literal Translation:

     מִטֶּרֶם שׂוּם אֶבֶן אֶל אֶבֶן בְּהֵיכַל יהוה

     mitérem sum éven el éven b'hechál YHVH

     Before the laying of stone to stone in the temple of Jehovah

Further reading

• H7760 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

From Aramaic שֻׁם (šum), indefinite and construct form of שְׁמָא (š'mā, “name”). The determiner is an extension of the noun.

Determiner

שׁוּם • (shúm)

1. Some, any; found chiefly in negative contexts, as well as questions and conditional constructs.

   שום דבר לא קרה. ― shúm davár ló kará. ― Nothing happened.

   לא […] בשום צורה שהיא ― ló […] b'shúm tsurá shehí ― not […] in any way

   אין לי שום בעיה עם זה. ― éin lí shúm b'ayá ím zé. ― I don't have any problem with that.

Derived terms

• בשום אופן (b'shúm-ófen), בשום עניין ואופן (b'shúm inyán va'ófen), בשום פנים (b'shúm paním), בשום פנים ואופן (b'shúm paním va'ófen)
• שום דבר (shum davár)

Noun

שׁוּם • (shum)

1. Name, sake, purpose, cause; found exclusively, or nearly so, in various fixed expressions.

Derived terms

• לְשׁוּם (l'shúm)
• מִשּׁוּם (mishúm), מִשּׁוּם מַה (mishúm ma), מִשּׁוּם שֶׁ־ (mishúm she-)
• עַל שׁוּם מַה (al shum ma), עַל שׁוּם (al shum)

Etymology 3

Root
שׁ־ו־ם (š-w-m)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯūm-; cognate with Akkadian 𒋧 (šūmū), Aramaic תּוּמָא (tūmā), Arabic ثُوم (ṯūm).

Noun

שׁוּם • (shum) m

1. garlic

References

• “שום” in Abraham Even-Shoshan (אַבְרָהָם אֶבֶן־שׁוֹשָׁן) et al., הַמִּלּוֹן הֶחָדָשׁ (ha-milón he-khadásh, “The New Dictionary”), Kiryat-Sefer Ltd. (קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר בְּע״ם)‎ (1984), →ISBN, volume 3 of 3 (ק to ת), page 1339.
• “שום” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
• H7762 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Further reading

• שום on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

Anagrams

• שמו

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew שׁוּם (“some, any (in negative contexts)”), from Aramaic שֻׁם.

Adverb

שום • (shum)

1. not at all (intensifies a negative construction)

   איך האָב נישט קיין שום רויז!

   ikh hob nisht keyn shum royz!

   I don't have a single rose!