حلم

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See also: ح ل م

Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the root ح ل م (ḥ-l-m). Akin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m-n-y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, a wish) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, a fluid considered conceptive; semen).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

حَلَمَ (ḥalama) I, non-past يَحْلُمُ‎ (yaḥlumu)

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to dream (something) or about [+ بِ (object)] (something) while asleep
    Synonyms: اِحْتَلَمَ (iḥtalama), رَأَى (raʔā)
    1. (intransitive, transitive) to muse, reflect, or meditate on [+ بِ (object)]; to vision, to image
      Synonyms: تَخَيَّلَ (taḵayyala), تَصَوَّرَ (taṣawwara)
  2. (intransitive) to experience the first seminal ejaculation
    Synonym: اِحْتَلَمَ (iḥtalama)
    1. (intransitive, chiefly of males) to mature physically or sexually; to attain puberty
      Synonym: بَلَغَ (balaḡa)
    2. (intransitive, law, chiefly of males, archaic) to become a legal adult or to be perceived as such
      Synonyms: بَلَغَ (balaḡa), أَدْرَكَ (ʔadraka), رَشَدَ (rašada), عَقَلَ (ʕaqala), مَيَّزَ (mayyaza)

Conjugation[edit]

Verb[edit]

حَلُمَ (ḥaluma) I, non-past يَحْلُمُ‎ (yaḥlumu)

  1. (intransitive, approving) to mature mentally or to be perceived as such; to act or think like an adult
  2. (intransitive, approving) to be gentle, forgiving, merciful, or lenient; to be mild-mannered
  3. (intransitive, approving) to restrain oneself or to be restrained or checked (especially emotionally and psychologically); to forbear, to refrain, to abstain, to withhold; to be long-suffering, to be patient or enduring; to mellow

Conjugation[edit]

Noun[edit]

حُلْم or حُلُم (ḥulm or ḥulumm (plural أَحْلَام (ʔaḥlām))

  1. verbal noun of حَلَمَ (ḥalama) (form I): dreaming
  2. a dream (something experienced during sleep); vision
    Synonyms: رُؤْيَا (ruʔyā), مَنَام (manām)
    Hyponym: كَابُوس (kābūs, nightmare)
  3. a wish, a hope, a desire, an aspiration; a daydream (something fantasised about or desired)
    Synonyms: مُنْيَة (munya), بُغْيَة (buḡya)
  4. utopia, irreality

Declension[edit]

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

حُلُم or حُلْم (ḥulum or ḥulmm

  1. verbal noun of حَلَمَ (ḥalama) (form I)
  2. sexual maturity; puberty
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:59:
      وَإِذَا بَلَغَ ٱلْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ ٱلْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا ٱسْتَأْذَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ
      waʔiḏā balaḡa l-ʔaṭfālu minkumu l-ḥuluma falyastaʔḏinū kamā staʔḏana llaḏīna min qablihim
      And if the children among you reach puberty, they shall ask for permission as those who did before them.

Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

حِلْم (ḥilmm (plural حُلُوم (ḥulūm) or أَحْلَام (ʔaḥlām))

  1. verbal noun of حَلُمَ (ḥaluma) (form I)
  2. (approving) mental, psychological, or comportmental maturity; prudence; rationality; discretion
    Synonyms: عَقْل (ʕaql), حِكْمَة (ḥikma)
  3. (approving) being long-suffering, self-restraint; forbearance, longanimity
    • Al-Shafi'i
      يُخَاطِبُنِي السَّفِيهُ بِكُلِّ قُبْحٍ / فَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَكُونَ لَهُ مُجِيبًا
      يَزِيدُ سَفَاهَةً فَأَزِيدُ حِلْمًا / كَعُودٍ زَادَهُ الْإِحْرَاقُ طِيبًا
      yuḵāṭibuni s-safīhu bikulli qubḥin / faʔakrahu ʔan ʔakūna lahū mujīban
      yazīdu safāhatan faʔazīdu ḥilman / kaʕūdin zādahu l-ʔiḥrāqu ṭīban
      The fool would spew a lot of ugliness and filth, / And I should hate to be the one who answers him. / He grows more foolish; I grow more and more restrained, / Like incense burning with increasing fragrances.

Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

حَلَم (ḥalamm (collective, singulative حَلَمَة f (ḥalama))

  1. tick(s), mite(s)
  2. (anatomy) nipple(s), teat(s)
  3. callous-leaved gromwell (Moltkiopsis ciliata)

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic حِلْم (ḥilm).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? hilm
Dari reading? hilm
Iranian reading? helm
Tajik reading? hilm

Noun[edit]

Dari حلم
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҳилм

حلم (helm) (plural حلوم (holum))

  1. meekness, mildness
  2. submissiveness, docility
  3. forbearance, mansuetude

References[edit]

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “حلم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ح ل م
1 term

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic حَلَمَ (ḥalama).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ħi.lim/, [ˈħi.lɪm]
  • (file)

Verb[edit]

حلم (ḥilim) I (present بحلم (biḥlam))

  1. to dream
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of حلم (ḥilim)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m حلمت (ḥlimt) حلمت (ḥlimt) حلم (ḥilim) حلمنا (ḥlimna) حلمتو (ḥlimtu) حلمو (ḥilmu)
f حلمتي (ḥlimti) حلمت (ḥilmat)
present m بحلم (baḥlam) بتحلم (btiḥlam) بحلم (biḥlam) منحلم (mniḥlam) بتحلمو (btiḥlamu) بحلمو (biḥlamu)
f بتحلمي (btiḥlami) بتحلم (btiḥlam)
subjunctive m أحلم (ʔaḥlam) تحلم (tiḥlam) يحلم (yiḥlam) نحلم (niḥlam) تحلمو (tiḥlamu) يحلمو (yiḥlamu)
f تحلمي (tiḥlami) تحلم (tiḥlam)
imperative m احلم (iḥlam) احلمو (iḥlamu)
f احلمي (iḥlami)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ħulm/, [ˈħʊ.l(ʊ)m]
  • (file)

Noun[edit]

حلم (ḥilm, ḥulmm (plural أحلام (ʔaḥlām))

  1. dream

Urdu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

حُلْم (hulmm (formal plural احلام, Hindi spelling हुल्म)

  1. dream, imagination

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian حِلْم (hilm)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

حِلْم (hilmm (Hindi spelling हिल्म)

  1. forbearance, toleration, patience

References[edit]

  • حلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • حلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.