رد

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See also: زد

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Root
ر د د (r-d-d)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

رَدَّ • (radda) I, non-past يَرُدُّ‎ (yaruddu)

  1. (transitive) to return, to bring back, to put back
    رَدَدْتُ ٱلْمَالَ فِي جَيْبِي.
    radadtu l-māla fī jaybī.
    I put the money back into my pocket.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 62:8:
      قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ ٱلَّذِي تَفِرُّونَ مِنۡهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مُلَٰقِيكُمۡۖ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ.
      "Say: 'Lo! the death from which ye shrink will surely meet you, and afterward ye will be returned unto the Knower of the Invisible and the Visible, and He will tell you what ye used to do.'"
  2. to reply, to answer, to respond
  3. to repel
  4. to resist
  5. to refuse
  6. to reject
  7. to restrain, to keep (someone مِن (min) something)
  8. to refute
  9. to dissuade
  10. to reinstate
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
رَدَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَدّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
رَدّ

radd
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
rādd
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mardūd
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
radadtu
radadta
رَدَّ

radda
radadtumā
raddā
radadnā
radadtum
raddū
f
radadti
raddat
raddatā
radadtunna
radadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaruddu
taruddu
yaruddu
taruddāni
yaruddāni
naruddu
taruddūna
yaruddūna
f
taruddīna
taruddu
taruddāni
tardudna
yardudna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔarudda
tarudda
yarudda
taruddā
yaruddā
narudda
taruddū
yaruddū
f
taruddī
tarudda
taruddā
tardudna
yardudna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔarudda or ʔaruddi or ʔardud
tarudda or taruddi or tardud
yarudda or yaruddi or yardud
taruddā
yaruddā
narudda or naruddi or nardud
taruddū
yaruddū
f
taruddī
tarudda or taruddi or tardud
taruddā
tardudna
yardudna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
رُدَّ or رُدِّ or اُرْدُدْ

rudda or ruddi or urdud
ruddā
ruddū
f
ruddī
urdudna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
rudidtu
rudidta
رُدَّ

rudda
rudidtumā
ruddā
rudidnā
rudidtum
ruddū
f
rudidti
ruddat
ruddatā
rudidtunna
rudidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuraddu
turaddu
yuraddu
turaddāni
yuraddāni
nuraddu
turaddūna
yuraddūna
f
turaddīna
turaddu
turaddāni
turdadna
yurdadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuradda
turadda
yuradda
turaddā
yuraddā
nuradda
turaddū
yuraddū
f
turaddī
turadda
turaddā
turdadna
yurdadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuradda or ʔuraddi or ʔurdad
turadda or turaddi or turdad
yuradda or yuraddi or yurdad
turaddā
yuraddā
nuradda or nuraddi or nurdad
turaddū
yuraddū
f
turaddī
turadda or turaddi or turdad
turaddā
turdadna
yurdadna
Descendants[edit]
  • → Swahili: -rudi

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

رَدّ • (radd) m (plural رُدُود (rudūd))

  1. verbal noun of رَدَّ (radda) (form I)
  2. refusal
  3. repulse
  4. refutation
  5. hindrance
  6. restitution, return
  7. reply
  8. restoration to a former state
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun رَدّ (radd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal رَدّ
radd 		الرَّدّ
ar-radd 		رَدّ
radd
Nominative رَدٌّ
raddun 		الرَّدُّ
ar-raddu 		رَدُّ
raddu
Accusative رَدًّا
raddan 		الرَّدَّ
ar-radda 		رَدَّ
radda
Genitive رَدٍّ
raddin 		الرَّدِّ
ar-raddi 		رَدِّ
raddi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal رَدَّيْن
raddayn 		الرَّدَّيْن
ar-raddayn 		رَدَّيْ
radday
Nominative رَدَّانِ
raddāni 		الرَّدَّانِ
ar-raddāni 		رَدَّا
raddā
Accusative رَدَّيْنِ
raddayni 		الرَّدَّيْنِ
ar-raddayni 		رَدَّيْ
radday
Genitive رَدَّيْنِ
raddayni 		الرَّدَّيْنِ
ar-raddayni 		رَدَّيْ
radday
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal رُدُود
rudūd 		الرُّدُود
ar-rudūd 		رُدُود
rudūd
Nominative رُدُودٌ
rudūdun 		الرُّدُودُ
ar-rudūdu 		رُدُودُ
rudūdu
Accusative رُدُودًا
rudūdan 		الرُّدُودَ
ar-rudūda 		رُدُودَ
rudūda
Genitive رُدُودٍ
rudūdin 		الرُّدُودِ
ar-rudūdi 		رُدُودِ
rudūdi
Descendants[edit]
  • → Ottoman Turkish: رد (red)
  • → Classical Persian: رد (radd) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Swahili: rada
References[edit]
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “رد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎[1], London: W.H. Allen
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “رد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Adjective[edit]

رَدّ • (radd)

  1. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) vomiting
  2. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) bad
  3. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) worthless
References[edit]
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “رد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎[2], London: W.H. Allen
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “رد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

رِدْ • (rid) (form I)

  1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَرَدَ (warada)

Egyptian Arabic[edit]

Root
ر د د
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic رَدَّ (radda).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

رد • (radd) I (non-past يرد (yirudd))

  1. (with على) to answer, reply (to)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of رد (form-I geminate)
verbal noun
active participle رادد (rādid)
passive participle مردود (mardūd)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m رديت
(raddēt) 		رديت
(raddēt) 		رد
(radd) 		ردينا
(raddēna) 		رديتوا
(raddētu) 		ردوا
(raddu)
f رديتي
(raddēti) 		ردت
(raddit)
present
subjunctive 		m ارد
(arudd) 		ترد
(tirudd) 		يرد
(yirudd) 		نرد
(nirudd) 		تردوا
(tiruddu) 		يردوا
(yiruddu)
f تردي
(tiruddi) 		ترد
(tírudd)
present
indicative 		m برد
(barudd) 		بترد
(bitrudd) 		بيرد
(biyrudd) 		بنرد
(binrudd) 		بتردوا
(bitruddu) 		بيردوا
(biyruddu)
f بتردي
(bitruddi) 		بترد
(bitrúdd)
future m حرد
(ḥarudd) 		حترد
(ḥatrudd) 		حيرد
(ḥayrudd) 		حنرد
(ḥanrudd) 		حتردوا
(ḥatruddu) 		حيردوا
(ḥayruddu)
f حتردي
(ḥatruddi) 		حترد
(ḥatrudd)
imperative m رد
(rudd) 		ردوا
(ruddu)
f ردي
(ruddi)

Gojri[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian رد (radd), from Arabic رَدّ (radd).

Adjective[edit]

رَد (rad) (indeclinable)

  1. refutation, rejection, cancellation

Further reading[edit]

  • Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 254.
  • Javaid Rahi (2015) گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 544, column 1.

Gulf Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic رَدَّ (radda).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /rəd(ː)/ (base verb; noun)
  • IPA(key): /rɪd(ː)/ (imperative verb)

Verb[edit]

رد • (rad(d)) I (non-past يرد (yrid(d)))

  1. to return, to come back
  2. to reply, to answer, to respond
  3. (transitive) to send back, to return

Noun[edit]

رد • (rad(d)) m (plural ردود (r(u)dūd))

  1. a response, an answer

Verb[edit]

رد • (rid(d))

  1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of رد (rad(d))

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Root
ر د د
2 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic رَدَّ (radda).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /radː/
  • Audio(file)
  • Audio(file)

Verb[edit]

رد • (radd) I (non-past يرُد (yrudd) or يرَد (yradd))

  1. to reply, to answer, to respond [+ على (object)]
  2. to give back
  3. (intransitive) to vomit

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of رد
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ردّيت (raddīt) ردّيتي (raddīti) ردّ (radd) ردّينا (raddīna) ردّيتوا (raddītu) ردّوا (raddu)
f ردّت (raddāt)
non-past m نردّ (nrudd) تردّ (trudd) يردّ (yrudd) نردّوا (nruddu) تردّوا (truddu) يردّوا (yruddu)
f تردّي (truddi) تردّ (trudd)
imperative m ردّ (rudd) ردّوا (ruddu)
f ردّي (ruddi)
    Conjugation of رد
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ردّيت (raddīt) ردّيتي (raddīti) ردّ (radd) ردّينا (raddīna) ردّيتوا (raddītu) ردّوا (raddu)
f ردّت (raddāt)
non-past m نردّ (nradd) تردّ (tradd) يردّ (yradd) نردّوا (nraddu) تردّوا (traddu) يردّوا (yraddu)
f تردّي (traddi) تردّ (tradd)
imperative m ردّ (radd) ردّوا (raddu)
f ردّي (raddi)

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See راد (râd).

Noun[edit]

رد • (rad)

  1. (archaic) sage (wise person)
  2. an important person in Zoroastrianism

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

رد • (rad)

  1. track
  2. trace
  3. footprint
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic رَدّ (radd).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? raḏ
Dari reading? rad
Iranian reading? rad
Tajik reading? rad

Noun[edit]

رد • (radd)

  1. rejection
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ر د د
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic رَدَّ (radda).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ردّ • (radd) I (present بردّ (birodd))

  1. to reply, to respond, to answer (+ على)
    بسلّم عليه وما بردّ.
    basallem ʕalēh w-mā birodd.
    I greet him and he doesn't respond.
    ردّ على سؤالي، وين كنت مبارح؟
    rodd ʕala suʔāli: wēn kunt mbāreḥ?
    Answer my question: Where were you yesterday?
    ردّ عالتلفون.
    radd ʕal-telfōn.
    He answered the phone.
  2. to listen to, to follow (advice, instructions)
  3. to obey (+ على)
    الولاد لازم يردّو على أهلهم.
    l-ūlād lāzem yroddu ʕala ʔahl-hom.
    Children must do as they are told by their parents.
    (literally, “Children must obey their parents.”)
  4. to close
    Synonym: سكّر (sakkar)
    ردّ الباب بسرعة!
    rodd il-bāb bsurʕa!
    Close the door quickly!

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ردّ (radd)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ردّيت (raddēt) ردّيت (raddēt) ردّ (radd) ردّينا (raddēna) ردّيتو (raddētu) ردّو (raddu)
f ردّيتي (raddēti) ردّت (raddat)
present m بردّ (barodd) بتردّ (bitrodd) بردّ (birodd) منردّ (minrodd) بتردّو (bitroddu) بردّو (biroddu)
f بتردّي (bitroddi) بتردّ (bitrodd)
subjunctive m اردّ (arodd) تردّ (trodd) يردّ (yrodd) نردّ (nrodd) تردّو (troddu) يردّو (yroddu)
f تردّي (troddi) تردّ (trodd)
imperative m ردّ (rodd) ردّو (roddu)
f ردّي (roddi)

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian رد (radd), from Arabic رَدّ (radd).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

رَدّ • (radd) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling रद्द)

  1. cancelled, rejected; null and void

Further reading[edit]

  • “رد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “رد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 590
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “رد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 340
  • “رد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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