شهيد

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See also: شهید and شہید

Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the form I verb شَهِدَ (šahida, to witness, to bear witness), from the root ش ه د (š-h-d). Semantic evolution from "witness" to "martyr" is probably calqued from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).

Cognate with Hebrew שָׂהֵד (sahéd).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

شَهِيد (šahīdm (plural شُهَدَاء (šuhadāʔ), feminine شَهِيدَة (šahīda))

  1. witness
    Synonym: شَاهِد (šāhid)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:13:
      لَّوۡلَا جَاۤءُو عَلَیۡهِ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ یَأۡتُوا۟ بِٱلشُّهَدَاۤءِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ
      lawlā jāʔū ʕalay-hi bi-ʔarbaʕati šuhadāʔa fa-ʔiḏ lam yaʔtū bi-š-šuhadāʔi fa-ʔūlāʔika ʕinda llāhi humu l-kāḏibūna
      Sahih International: And why did the accusers not bring four witnesses to it? If they cannot produce such witnesses, they are the liars in God’s eyes.
  2. martyr
  3. anyone killed in action

Declension[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Persian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? šahīḏ
Dari reading? šahīd
Iranian reading? šahid
Tajik reading? šahid

Noun[edit]

شهید (šahid)

  1. witness, martyr
  2. شاهد