صير

See also: صیر and ضير

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˤaj.ja.ra/

Etymology 1

Root
ص ي ر (ṣ-y-r)

Verb

صَيَّرَ • (ṣayyara) II, non-past يُصَيِّرُ‎ (yuṣayyiru)

1. (ditransitive) to cause to become, to render, to make

   Synonyms: حَوَّلَ (ḥawwala), جَعَلَ (jaʕala), قَلَبَ (qalaba), أَحَالَ (ʔaḥāla)

   صَيَّرَتِ الْبُرُودَةُ الْمَاءَ جَلِيدًا.

   ṣayyarati al-burūdatu l-māʔa jalīdan.

   Coldness turned the water into ice.

   صَيَّرَ ٱلْحُلْوَ مَرِيرًا

   ṣayyara l-ḥulwa marīran

   to turn sweet into bitter

Conjugation

Conjugation of

صَيَّرَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَصْيِير taṣyīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُصَيِّر muṣayyir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُصَيَّر muṣayyar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صَيَّرْتُ ṣayyartu	صَيَّرْتَ ṣayyarta	صَيَّرَ ṣayyara		صَيَّرْتُمَا ṣayyartumā	صَيَّرَا ṣayyarā		صَيَّرْنَا ṣayyarnā	صَيَّرْتُمْ ṣayyartum	صَيَّرُوا ṣayyarū
	f		صَيَّرْتِ ṣayyarti	صَيَّرَتْ ṣayyarat			صَيَّرَتَا ṣayyaratā			صَيَّرْتُنَّ ṣayyartunna	صَيَّرْنَ ṣayyarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَيِّرُ ʔuṣayyiru	تُصَيِّرُ tuṣayyiru	يُصَيِّرُ yuṣayyiru		تُصَيِّرَانِ tuṣayyirāni	يُصَيِّرَانِ yuṣayyirāni		نُصَيِّرُ nuṣayyiru	تُصَيِّرُونَ tuṣayyirūna	يُصَيِّرُونَ yuṣayyirūna
	f		تُصَيِّرِينَ tuṣayyirīna	تُصَيِّرُ tuṣayyiru			تُصَيِّرَانِ tuṣayyirāni			تُصَيِّرْنَ tuṣayyirna	يُصَيِّرْنَ yuṣayyirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَيِّرَ ʔuṣayyira	تُصَيِّرَ tuṣayyira	يُصَيِّرَ yuṣayyira		تُصَيِّرَا tuṣayyirā	يُصَيِّرَا yuṣayyirā		نُصَيِّرَ nuṣayyira	تُصَيِّرُوا tuṣayyirū	يُصَيِّرُوا yuṣayyirū
	f		تُصَيِّرِي tuṣayyirī	تُصَيِّرَ tuṣayyira			تُصَيِّرَا tuṣayyirā			تُصَيِّرْنَ tuṣayyirna	يُصَيِّرْنَ yuṣayyirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَيِّرْ ʔuṣayyir	تُصَيِّرْ tuṣayyir	يُصَيِّرْ yuṣayyir		تُصَيِّرَا tuṣayyirā	يُصَيِّرَا yuṣayyirā		نُصَيِّرْ nuṣayyir	تُصَيِّرُوا tuṣayyirū	يُصَيِّرُوا yuṣayyirū
	f		تُصَيِّرِي tuṣayyirī	تُصَيِّرْ tuṣayyir			تُصَيِّرَا tuṣayyirā			تُصَيِّرْنَ tuṣayyirna	يُصَيِّرْنَ yuṣayyirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		صَيِّرْ ṣayyir			صَيِّرَا ṣayyirā				صَيِّرُوا ṣayyirū
	f		صَيِّرِي ṣayyirī							صَيِّرْنَ ṣayyirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صُيِّرْتُ ṣuyyirtu	صُيِّرْتَ ṣuyyirta	صُيِّرَ ṣuyyira		صُيِّرْتُمَا ṣuyyirtumā	صُيِّرَا ṣuyyirā		صُيِّرْنَا ṣuyyirnā	صُيِّرْتُمْ ṣuyyirtum	صُيِّرُوا ṣuyyirū
	f		صُيِّرْتِ ṣuyyirti	صُيِّرَتْ ṣuyyirat			صُيِّرَتَا ṣuyyiratā			صُيِّرْتُنَّ ṣuyyirtunna	صُيِّرْنَ ṣuyyirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَيَّرُ ʔuṣayyaru	تُصَيَّرُ tuṣayyaru	يُصَيَّرُ yuṣayyaru		تُصَيَّرَانِ tuṣayyarāni	يُصَيَّرَانِ yuṣayyarāni		نُصَيَّرُ nuṣayyaru	تُصَيَّرُونَ tuṣayyarūna	يُصَيَّرُونَ yuṣayyarūna
	f		تُصَيَّرِينَ tuṣayyarīna	تُصَيَّرُ tuṣayyaru			تُصَيَّرَانِ tuṣayyarāni			تُصَيَّرْنَ tuṣayyarna	يُصَيَّرْنَ yuṣayyarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَيَّرَ ʔuṣayyara	تُصَيَّرَ tuṣayyara	يُصَيَّرَ yuṣayyara		تُصَيَّرَا tuṣayyarā	يُصَيَّرَا yuṣayyarā		نُصَيَّرَ nuṣayyara	تُصَيَّرُوا tuṣayyarū	يُصَيَّرُوا yuṣayyarū
	f		تُصَيَّرِي tuṣayyarī	تُصَيَّرَ tuṣayyara			تُصَيَّرَا tuṣayyarā			تُصَيَّرْنَ tuṣayyarna	يُصَيَّرْنَ yuṣayyarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَيَّرْ ʔuṣayyar	تُصَيَّرْ tuṣayyar	يُصَيَّرْ yuṣayyar		تُصَيَّرَا tuṣayyarā	يُصَيَّرَا yuṣayyarā		نُصَيَّرْ nuṣayyar	تُصَيَّرُوا tuṣayyarū	يُصَيَّرُوا yuṣayyarū
	f		تُصَيَّرِي tuṣayyarī	تُصَيَّرْ tuṣayyar			تُصَيَّرَا tuṣayyarā			تُصَيَّرْنَ tuṣayyarna	يُصَيَّرْنَ yuṣayyarna

Etymology 2

From Aramaic צִיר (ṣīr, “the own juice wherein fish is conserved; fish brine”). Also in Hebrew צִיר (ṣīr, “sauce, broth, gravy, brine”). In Classical Syriac instead with unemphatic anlaut: ܣܼܝܪܵܐ (sīrā) used for the sense of small dried fish in the Grecized plural ܣܼܝܪ̈ܲܣ (sīras) or ܣܼܝܪܸ̈ܣ (sīres), hence apparently identical to the “strap” word found in Arabic more usually as سَيْر (sayr) than as صَيْر (ṣayr), referring to fish so small that they would only be apprehended as a “thread”.

Noun

صِير • (ṣīr) m (obsolete)

1. brine
2. (perhaps various kinds of) dried and fermented river fish, fry (main ingredient of the spice paste صِحْنَاء (ṣiḥnāʔ))

Declension

Declension of noun صِير (ṣīr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صِير ṣīr	الصِّير aṣ-ṣīr	صِير ṣīr
Nominative	صِيرٌ ṣīrun	الصِّيرُ aṣ-ṣīru	صِيرُ ṣīru
Accusative	صِيرًا ṣīran	الصِّيرَ aṣ-ṣīra	صِيرَ ṣīra
Genitive	صِيرٍ ṣīrin	الصِّيرِ aṣ-ṣīri	صِيرِ ṣīri

Descendants

• → Coptic:

  Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲓⲣ (čir)

  Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲓⲣ (čir)

  Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲓⲗ (čil)

See also

• مُرِّيّ (murriyy), بُنّ (bunn), أُجَاج (ʔujāj), رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʔ)

Further reading

• Bishai, Wilson B. (1964) “Coptic Lexical Influence on Egyptian Arabic”, in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, volume 23, number 1, →DOI, page 45b claims it from Coptic
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “صير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 856b
• نَجِيب الدِّين السَّمَرْقَنْدِيّ [najīb ad-dīn as-samarqandiyy] (a. 1222) Juliane Müller, editor, كِتَاب الْأَغْذِيَة وَٱلْأَشْرِبَة [kitāb al-ʔaḡdiya wa-l-ʔǎšriba] (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 101)‎^[2] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2017, →ISBN, page 379
• Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 173, claims Indo-European provenance cognate to Proto-Slavic *syrъ (“cheese”)
• “ṣyr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

Etymology 3

Noun

صَيْر • (ṣayr) m

1. verbal noun of صَارَ (ṣāra) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun صَيْر (ṣayr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَيْر ṣayr	الصَّيْر aṣ-ṣayr	صَيْر ṣayr
Nominative	صَيْرٌ ṣayrun	الصَّيْرُ aṣ-ṣayru	صَيْرُ ṣayru
Accusative	صَيْرًا ṣayran	الصَّيْرَ aṣ-ṣayra	صَيْرَ ṣayra
Genitive	صَيْرٍ ṣayrin	الصَّيْرِ aṣ-ṣayri	صَيْرِ ṣayri

Etymology 4

Verb

صِيرَ • (ṣīra) (form I)

1. third-person masculine singular past passive of صَارَ (ṣāra)

Etymology 5

Noun

صَيْر • (ṣayr) m (plural صُيُور (ṣuyūr))

1. Nonstandard form of سَيْر (sayr, “strap; antler …”)

Declension

Declension of noun صَيْر (ṣayr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَيْر ṣayr	الصَّيْر aṣ-ṣayr	صَيْر ṣayr
Nominative	صَيْرٌ ṣayrun	الصَّيْرُ aṣ-ṣayru	صَيْرُ ṣayru
Accusative	صَيْرًا ṣayran	الصَّيْرَ aṣ-ṣayra	صَيْرَ ṣayra
Genitive	صَيْرٍ ṣayrin	الصَّيْرِ aṣ-ṣayri	صَيْرِ ṣayri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَيْرَيْن ṣayrayn	الصَّيْرَيْن aṣ-ṣayrayn	صَيْرَيْ ṣayray
Nominative	صَيْرَانِ ṣayrāni	الصَّيْرَانِ aṣ-ṣayrāni	صَيْرَا ṣayrā
Accusative	صَيْرَيْنِ ṣayrayni	الصَّيْرَيْنِ aṣ-ṣayrayni	صَيْرَيْ ṣayray
Genitive	صَيْرَيْنِ ṣayrayni	الصَّيْرَيْنِ aṣ-ṣayrayni	صَيْرَيْ ṣayray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صُيُور ṣuyūr	الصُّيُور aṣ-ṣuyūr	صُيُور ṣuyūr
Nominative	صُيُورٌ ṣuyūrun	الصُّيُورُ aṣ-ṣuyūru	صُيُورُ ṣuyūru
Accusative	صُيُورًا ṣuyūran	الصُّيُورَ aṣ-ṣuyūra	صُيُورَ ṣuyūra
Genitive	صُيُورٍ ṣuyūrin	الصُّيُورِ aṣ-ṣuyūri	صُيُورِ ṣuyūri