کوفتن
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Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwptn' /kōftan/, “to beat, pound, crush”),[1] from Proto-Iranian *kaup- (“to pound, beat”), which appears to be exclusively Iranian.[2] Cognate to Central Kurdish کەوتن (kewtin, “to fall”), Northern Kurdish ketin (“to fall”) (dialectal keftin) and Northern Kurdish kutan (“to beat”) (hence kutilk (“kofta”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [koːf.ˈtan]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰuːf.t̪ʰǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɵf.t̪ʰǽn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kōftan |
| Dari reading? | kōftan |
| Iranian reading? | kuftan |
| Tajik reading? | küftan |
Verb[edit]
| Dari | کوفتن |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кӯфтан |
کوفتن • (kuftan)
- to break, bruise, knock, strike, smite, beat, thrash, shake, trample under foot, tread upon
- to precipitate, throw down
- to bleach
Derived terms[edit]
- کوفته (kufte)
References[edit]
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “kōftan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 51
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 249-250
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “کوفتن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul