उप-

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See also: उप

Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-).

Prefix[edit]

उप- (up-)

  1. subordinate
    उप- (up-) + ‎ग्रह (grah, planet) → ‎उपग्रह (upagrah, moon, satellite)
  2. lesser, vice-
    उप- (up-) + ‎राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrapti, president) → ‎उपराष्ट्रपति (uprāṣṭrapti, vice president)

Derived terms[edit]

Sanskrit[edit]

Alternative scripts[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (under, below).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

उप- (upa-)

  1. towards
  2. near, with
  3. under, below
  4. like, proximate
  5. subordinate
  6. brother to
  7. son to

Usage notes[edit]

Definitions 4–7 used exclusively with nouns.

Occasionally used with an implied verb, or placed after the verb rather than prefixing it.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Hindi: उप- (up-)
  • Punjabi: ਉਪ- (upa-)

References[edit]

  • Monier Williams (1899), “उप-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0194, 0195.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 218-219