खर

See also: ख़ैर, खैरो, खरा, खरी, खीरा, and खीर

Khaling

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

खर (khar)

1. hand, arm

References

• “खर”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʰʌr]
• Phonetic Devanagari: खर्

Noun

खर • (khar)

1. thatch, straw

References

• “खर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś)‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “खर”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• khara (Latin script)
• 𑀔𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• খর (Bengali script)
• ඛර (Sinhalese script)
• ခရ (Burmese script)
• ขร or ขะระ (Thai script)
• ᨡᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຂຣ or ຂະຣະ (Lao script)
• ខរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄈𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

खर m

1. Devanagari script form of khara (“donkey”)

Declension

Declension table of "खर" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	खरो (kharo)	खरा (kharā)
Accusative (second)	खरं (kharaṃ)	खरे (khare)
Instrumental (third)	खरेन (kharena)	खरेहि (kharehi) or खरेभि (kharebhi)
Dative (fourth)	खरस्स (kharassa) or खराय (kharāya) or खरत्थं (kharatthaṃ)	खरानं (kharānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	खरस्मा (kharasmā) or खरम्हा (kharamhā) or खरा (kharā)	खरेहि (kharehi) or खरेभि (kharebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	खरस्स (kharassa)	खरानं (kharānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	खरस्मिं (kharasmiṃ) or खरम्हि (kharamhi) or खरे (khare)	खरेसु (kharesu)
Vocative (calling)	खर (khara)	खरा (kharā)

Noun

खर gender unattested

1. Devanagari script form of khara (“water”)

Declension

Declension table of "खर"

Case \ Number	Singular
Nominative (first)
Accusative (second)	खरं (kharaṃ)
Instrumental (third)	खरेन (kharena)
Dative (fourth)	खरस्स (kharassa) or खराय (kharāya) or खरत्थं (kharatthaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	खरस्मा (kharasmā) or खरम्हा (kharamhā) or खरा (kharā)
Genitive (sixth)	खरस्स (kharassa)
Locative (seventh)	खरस्मिं (kharasmiṃ) or खरम्हि (kharamhi) or खरे (khare)
Vocative (calling)	खर (khara)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• খৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬔᬭ (Balinese script)
• খর (Bengali script)
• 𑰏𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀔𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ခရ (Burmese script)
• ખર (Gujarati script)
• ਖਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌖𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦑꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂎𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಖರ (Kannada script)
• ខរ (Khmer script)
• ຂຣ (Lao script)
• ഖര (Malayalam script)
• ᡘᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘏𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠻᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦯𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐏𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଖର (Odia script)
• ꢓꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆒𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖏𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ඛර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩝𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚋𑚤 (Takri script)
• க²ர (Tamil script)
• ఖర (Telugu script)
• ขร (Thai script)
• ཁ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒐𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨌𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“stone, hard”) also found in Old Armenian քար (kʻar, “stone”), Welsh carreg (“stone”), Celtic cognates of English crag, and Albanian gërthje (“crab”).

Adjective

खर • (khára) stem

1. hard, harsh, rough, sharp, pungent, acid

   Antonyms: मृदु (mṛdu), श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa)

2. solid

   Antonym: द्रव (drava).

3. dense (clouds)
4. sharp, hot (wind)
5. hurtful, injurious, cutting (as speech or word)
6. sharp-edged
7. cruel

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खर
Nom. sg.	खरः (kharaḥ)
Gen. sg.	खरस्य (kharasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	खरः (kharaḥ)	खरौ (kharau)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Vocative	खर (khara)	खरौ (kharau)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Accusative	खरम् (kharam)	खरौ (kharau)	खरान् (kharān)
Instrumental	खरेन (kharena)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरैः (kharaiḥ)
Dative	खराय (kharāya)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Ablative	खरात् (kharāt)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Genitive	खरस्य (kharasya)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरानाम् (kharānām)
Locative	खरे (khare)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरेषु (khareṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of खर
Nom. sg.	खरा (kharā)
Gen. sg.	खरायाः (kharāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	खरा (kharā)	खरे (khare)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Vocative	खरे (khare)	खरे (khare)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Accusative	खराम् (kharām)	खरे (khare)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Instrumental	खरया (kharayā)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खराभिः (kharābhiḥ)
Dative	खरायै (kharāyai)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खराभ्यः (kharābhyaḥ)
Ablative	खरायाः (kharāyāḥ)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खराभ्यः (kharābhyaḥ)
Genitive	खरायाः (kharāyāḥ)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरानाम् (kharānām)
Locative	खरायाम् (kharāyām)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरासु (kharāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of खर
Nom. sg.	खरम् (kharam)
Gen. sg.	खरस्य (kharasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	खरम् (kharam)	खरे (khare)	खरानि (kharāni)
Vocative	खर (khara)	खरे (khare)	खरानि (kharāni)
Accusative	खरम् (kharam)	खरे (khare)	खरानि (kharāni)
Instrumental	खरेन (kharena)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरैः (kharaiḥ)
Dative	खराय (kharāya)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Ablative	खरात् (kharāt)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Genitive	खरस्य (kharasya)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरानाम् (kharānām)
Locative	खरे (khare)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरेषु (khareṣu)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras.

Noun

खर • (khára) stem, m

1. donkey (so called from his cry)
2. mule
3. osprey
4. heron
5. crow
6. a thorny plant (prickly nightshade (Solanum torvum) or perhaps camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum L.))
7. name of a fragrant substance
8. quadrangular mound of earth for receiving the sacrificial vessels (compare ἐσχάρα)
9. a place arranged for building a house upon
10. name of the 25th year of the sixty years' बृहस्पति cycle
11. दैत्य or demon
12. name of the असुर धेनुक
13. name of a रक्षस् slain by राम (younger brother of रावण)
14. name of an attendant of the Sun (= धर्म)
15. name of a रुद्र
16. ‘a she-mule’ » खरी-वात्सल्य
17. name of one of the mothers in स्कन्द's retinue

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खर
Nom. sg.	खरः (kharaḥ)
Gen. sg.	खरस्य (kharasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	खरः (kharaḥ)	खरौ (kharau)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Vocative	खर (khara)	खरौ (kharau)	खराः (kharāḥ)
Accusative	खरम् (kharam)	खरौ (kharau)	खरान् (kharān)
Instrumental	खरेन (kharena)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरैः (kharaiḥ)
Dative	खराय (kharāya)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Ablative	खरात् (kharāt)	खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām)	खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ)
Genitive	खरस्य (kharasya)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरानाम् (kharānām)
Locative	खरे (khare)	खरयोः (kharayoḥ)	खरेषु (khareṣu)

Descendants

• Hindi: खरा (kharā)
• Punjabi: ਖਰ (khar)
• Telugu: ఖరము (kharamu)
• → Old Javanese: khara

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “खर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page {{{1}}}.
• Dravidian Origins and the West: Newly Discovered Ties with the Ancient Culture and Languages, Including Basque, of the Pre-Indo-European Mediterranean World, p. 325
• Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition
• Scigliano, Eric (2007): Michelangelo's Mountain: The Quest For Perfection in the Marble Quarries of Carrara, p. 84