चरति

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• carati (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• চরতি (Bengali script)
• චරති (Sinhalese script)
• စရတိ or ၸရတိ (Burmese script)
• จรติ or จะระติ (Thai script)
• ᨧᩁᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຣຕິ or ຈະຣະຕິ (Lao script)
• ចរតិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄢𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

चरति (root car, first conjugation)

1. Devanagari script form of carati (“to walk”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "चरति"

	Active		Middle
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	चरामि (carāmi)	चराम (carāma)	चरे (care)	चराम्हे (carāmhe)
2nd	चरसि (carasi)	चरथ (caratha)	चरसे (carase)	चरव्हे (caravhe)
3rd	चरति (carati)	चरन्ति (caranti)	चरते (carate)	चरन्ते (carante) or चररे (carare)
Imperative
1st	चरामि (carāmi)	चराम (carāma)	चरे (care)	चरामसे (carāmase)
2nd	चर (cara) or चराहि (carāhi)	चरथ (caratha)	चरस्सु (carassu)	चरव्हो (caravho)
3rd	चरतु (caratu)	चरन्तु (carantu)	चरतं (carataṃ)	चरन्तं (carantaṃ)
Optative
1st	चरेय्यामि (careyyāmi) or चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ) or चरे (care)	चरेय्याम (careyyāma)	चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ)	चरेय्याम्हे (careyyāmhe)
2nd	चरेय्यासि (careyyāsi) or चरे (care)	चरेय्याथ (careyyātha)	चरेथो (caretho)	चरेय्यव्हो (careyyavho)
3rd	चरेय्य (careyya) or चरे (care)	चरेय्युं (careyyuṃ)	चरेथ (caretha)	चरेरं (careraṃ)

• Present active participle: चरन्त् (carant), which see for forms and usage
• Present middle participle: चरमान (caramāna), which see for forms and usage

Adjective

चरति (carati)

1. Devanagari script form of carati, which is masculine and neuter locative singular of चरन्त् (carant), present participle of the verb above

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চৰতি (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬭᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• চরতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰨𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• စရတိ (Burmese script)
• ચરતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌰𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦫꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂩𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಚರತಿ (Kannada script)
• ចរតិ (Khmer script)
• ຈຣຕິ (Lao script)
• ചരതി (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᡵᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘨𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᠷᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧈𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐬𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଚରତି (Odia script)
• ꢗꢬꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆫𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖨𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• චරති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩼𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚤𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• சரதி (Tamil script)
• చరతి (Telugu script)
• จรติ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ར་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒩𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨫𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-e-ti, from *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō), Latin colō, Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 (carānī, “I move, approach”), Old English hwēol (whence English wheel). See also चलति (cálati).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́.ɾɐ.ti/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɐ.ɾɐ.t̪i/

Verb

चरति • (cárati) third-singular present indicative (root चर्, class 1, type P)

1. to move oneself, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)
2. to spread, be diffused (as fire)
3. to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.02:

     índrasya dūtī́r iṣitā́ carāmi mahá ichántī paṇayo nidhī́n vaḥ
     atiṣkádo bhiyásā tán na āvat táthā rasā́yā ataram páyāṃsi

     I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample stores of wealth, O Paṇis.
     This hath preserved me from the fear of crossing: thus have I made my way o' er Rasa's waters.

4. to behave, conduct oneself, act, live, treat (with instrumental or locative)
5. to be engaged in, occupied or busy with
6. to have intercourse with, have to do with (+instrumental)
7. to continue performing or being
8. (astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction
9. to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make
10. to consume, eat (with accusative), graze
11. to make or render (with double accusative)
12. (causative) to cause to move or walk about
13. (causative) to pasture
14. (causative) to send, direct, turn, move
15. (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to walk through (+accusative)
16. (causative) to drive away from (+ ablative)
17. (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)
18. (causative) to cause (any animal, +accusative) to eat
19. (causative) to cause to copulate
20. (causative) to ascertain (as through a spy instr.)
21. (causative) to doubt
22. (desiderative) to try to go
23. (desiderative) to wish to act or conduct oneself
24. (desiderative) to try to have intercourse with
25. (intensive) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative)
26. (intensive) to act wantonly or coquettishly

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: चरितुम् (cáritum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	चरितुम् cáritum
Gerund	चरित्वा caritvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	चर्य / चरितव्य / चरणीय cárya / caritavya / caraṇīya
Feminine Gerundive	चर्या / चरितव्या / चरणीया cáryā / caritavyā / caraṇīyā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	चरित caritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	चरिता caritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	चरितवत् caritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	चरितवती caritávatī

Present: चरति (cárati), चरते (cárate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चरति cárati	चरतः cárataḥ	चरन्ति cáranti	चरते cárate	चरेते cárete	चरन्ते cárante
Second	चरसि cárasi	चरथः cárathaḥ	चरथ cáratha	चरसे cárase	चरेथे cárethe	चरध्वे cáradhve
First	चरामि cárāmi	चरावः cárāvaḥ	चरामः cárāmaḥ	चरे cáre	चरावहे cárāvahe	चरामहे cárāmahe
Imperative
Third	चरतु cáratu	चरताम् cáratām	चरन्तु cárantu	चरताम् cáratām	चरेताम् cáretām	चरन्ताम् cárantām
Second	चर cára	चरतम् cáratam	चरत cárata	चरस्व cárasva	चरेथाम् cárethām	चरध्वम् cáradhvam
First	चराणि cárāṇi	चराव cárāva	चराम cárāma	चरै cárai	चरावहै cárāvahai	चरामहै cárāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	चरेत् cáret	चरेताम् cáretām	चरेयुः cáreyuḥ	चरेत cáreta	चरेयाताम् cáreyātām	चरेरन् cáreran
Second	चरेः cáreḥ	चरेतम् cáretam	चरेत cáreta	चरेथाः cárethāḥ	चरेयाथाम् cáreyāthām	चरेध्वम् cáredhvam
First	चरेयम् cáreyam	चरेव cáreva	चरेम cárema	चरेय cáreya	चरेवहि cárevahi	चरेमहि cáremahi
Participles
	चरत् cárat			चरमाण cáramāṇa

Imperfect: अचरत् (ácarat), अचरत (ácarata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अचरत् ácarat	अचरताम् ácaratām	अचरन् ácaran	अचरत ácarata	अचरेताम् ácaretām	अचरन्त ácaranta
Second	अचरः ácaraḥ	अचरतम् ácaratam	अचरत ácarata	अचरथाः ácarathāḥ	अचरेथाम् ácarethām	अचरध्वम् ácaradhvam
First	अचरम् ácaram	अचराव ácarāva	अचराम ácarāma	अचरे ácare	अचरावहि ácarāvahi	अचरामहि ácarāmahi

Future: चरिष्यति (cariṣyáti), चरिष्यते (cariṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चरिष्यति cariṣyáti	चरिष्यतः cariṣyátaḥ	चरिष्यन्ति cariṣyánti	चरिष्यते cariṣyáte	चरिष्येते cariṣyéte	चरिष्यन्ते cariṣyánte
Second	चरिष्यसि cariṣyási	चरिष्यथः cariṣyáthaḥ	चरिष्यथ cariṣyátha	चरिष्यसे cariṣyáse	चरिष्येथे cariṣyéthe	चरिष्यध्वे cariṣyádhve
First	चरिष्यामि cariṣyā́mi	चरिष्यावः cariṣyā́vaḥ	चरिष्यामः cariṣyā́maḥ	चरिष्ये cariṣyé	चरिष्यावहे cariṣyā́vahe	चरिष्यामहे cariṣyā́mahe
Participles
	चरिष्यत् cariṣyát			चरिष्यमाण cariṣyámāṇa

Conditional: अचरिष्यत् (ácariṣyat), अचरिष्यत (ácariṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अचरिष्यत् ácariṣyat	अचरिष्यताम् ácariṣyatām	अचरिष्यन् ácariṣyan	अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata	अचरिष्येताम् ácariṣyetām	अचरिष्यन्त ácariṣyanta
Second	अचरिष्यः ácariṣyaḥ	अचरिष्यतम् ácariṣyatam	अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata	अचरिष्यथाः ácariṣyathāḥ	अचरिष्येथाम् ácariṣyethām	अचरिष्यध्वम् ácariṣyadhvam
First	अचरिष्यम् ácariṣyam	अचरिष्याव ácariṣyāva	अचरिष्याम ácariṣyāma	अचरिष्ये ácariṣye	अचरिष्यावहि ácariṣyāvahi	अचरिष्यामहि ácariṣyāmahi

Aorist: अचारीत् (ácārīt), अचारिष्ट (ácāriṣṭa)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अचारीत् ácārīt	अचारिष्टाम् ácāriṣṭām	अचारिषुः ácāriṣuḥ	अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa	अचारिषाताम् ácāriṣātām	अचारिषत ácāriṣata
Second	अचारीः ácārīḥ	अचारिष्टम् ácāriṣṭam	अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa	अचारिष्ठाः ácāriṣṭhāḥ	अचारिषाथाम् ácāriṣāthām	अचारिढ्वम् ácāriḍhvam
First	अचारिषम् ácāriṣam	अचारिष्व ácāriṣva	अचारिष्म ácāriṣma	अचारिषि ácāriṣi	अचारिष्वहि ácāriṣvahi	अचारिष्महि ácāriṣmahi

Benedictive/Precative: चर्यात् (caryā́t), चरिषीष्ट (cariṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	चर्यात् caryā́t	चर्यास्ताम् caryā́stām	चर्यासुः caryā́suḥ	चरिषीष्ट cariṣīṣṭá	चरिषीयास्ताम्¹ cariṣīyā́stām¹	चरिषीरन् cariṣīrán
Second	चर्याः caryā́ḥ	चर्यास्तम् caryā́stam	चर्यास्त caryā́sta	चरिषीष्ठाः cariṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	चरिषीयास्थाम्¹ cariṣīyā́sthām¹	चरिषीढ्वम् cariṣīḍhvám
First	चर्यासम् caryā́sam	चर्यास्व caryā́sva	चर्यास्म caryā́sma	चरिषीय cariṣīyá	चरिषीवहि cariṣīváhi	चरिषीमहि cariṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Uncertain

Perfect: चचार (cacā́ra), चेरे (ceré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चचार cacā́ra	चेरतुः cerátuḥ	चेरुः cerúḥ	चेरे ceré	चेराते cerā́te	चेरिरे ceriré
Second	चचर्थ / चचरिथ cacártha / cacáritha	चेरथुः ceráthuḥ	चेर cerá	चेरिषे ceriṣé	चेराथे cerā́the	चेरिध्वे ceridhvé
First	चचर / चचार¹ cacára / cacā́ra¹	चेरिव cerivá	चेरिम cerimá	चेरे ceré	चेरिवहे ceriváhe	चेरिमहे cerimáhe
Participles
	चेरिवांस् cerivā́ṃs			चेराण cerāṇá
Notes	¹Later Sanskrit

Derived terms

• आचरति (ācarati)

Descendants

• Pali: carati

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “चरति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 389.