दास

See also: दस, दोस, दिस, दुस्-, देस, दोस्, देसी, and दासी

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (dāsa), from Sanskrit दास (dāsá).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ɑːs/, [d̪äːs]

Noun

दास • (dās) m (feminine दासी, Urdu spelling داس)

1. slave

   Synonym: ग़ुलाम (ġulām)

2. servant

   Synonym: नौकर (naukar)

Declension

Declension of दास (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दास dās	दास dās
oblique	दास dās	दासों dāsõ
vocative	दास dās	दासो dāso

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “दास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “दास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “दास”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “दास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• dāsa (Latin script)
• 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• দাস (Bengali script)
• දාස (Sinhalese script)
• ဒါသ or ၻႃသ (Burmese script)
• ทาส or ทาสะ (Thai script)
• ᨴᩤᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ທາສ or ທາສະ (Lao script)
• ទាស (Khmer script)
• 𑄘𑄂𑄥 (Chakma script)

Noun

दास m

1. Devanagari script form of dāsa

Declension

Declension table of "दास" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	दासो (dāso)	दासा (dāsā)
Accusative (second)	दासं (dāsaṃ)	दासे (dāse)
Instrumental (third)	दासेन (dāsena)	दासेहि (dāsehi) or दासेभि (dāsebhi)
Dative (fourth)	दासस्स (dāsassa) or दासाय (dāsāya) or दासत्थं (dāsatthaṃ)	दासानं (dāsānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	दासस्मा (dāsasmā) or दासम्हा (dāsamhā) or दासा (dāsā)	दासेहि (dāsehi) or दासेभि (dāsebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	दासस्स (dāsassa)	दासानं (dāsānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	दासस्मिं (dāsasmiṃ) or दासम्हि (dāsamhi) or दासे (dāse)	दासेसु (dāsesu)
Vocative (calling)	दास (dāsa)	दासा (dāsā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• দাস (Assamese script)
• ᬤᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
• দাস (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• ဒါသ (Burmese script)
• દાસ (Gujarati script)
• ਦਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌦𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦢꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂠𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ದಾಸ (Kannada script)
• ទាស (Khmer script)
• ທາສ (Lao script)
• ദാസ (Malayalam script)
• ᡩᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘟𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦿𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐡𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଦାସ (Odia script)
• ꢣꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆢𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖟𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
• දාස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩭𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚛𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
• த³ாஸ (Tamil script)
• దాస (Telugu script)
• ทาส (Thai script)
• དཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒠𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨛𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dásyuš- (“enemy, foreigner, foreign people, foreign land”), from Proto-Indo-European *des- (“enemy, foreigner”).

See also Persian ده, Old Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬒𐬌𐬌𐬎 (dax́iiu, “country”), Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬣𐬵𐬎 (daŋ́hu). Ancient Greek δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”) perhaps belongs in this group as well. Related to दस्यु (dasyu, “barbarian”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɑː.sɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ɑː.s̪ɐ/

Noun

दास • (dā́sa) stem, m (Ṛgvedic dáasa)

1. demon
2. barbarian, infidel
3. servant
4. Shudra
5. devotee (of a god)
   • 900-1100 AD; copied later, Arlo Griffiths, Kunthea Chhom, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies‎^[1], volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:

     វិវធ៌យន្តិយេទេវ
     ភូមិទាសាំគ្ច*ធាម្ម៌ិកាះ
     ស្វគ្គ៌េតេសវ្វ៌ទេវេន
     បូជ្យន្តាន្និត្យសំបទះ ៕
     * Read គ្ច as ឝ្ច

     vivardhayanti ye deva
     bhūmidāsāṃś ca dhārmmikāḥ
     svargge te sarvvadevena
     pūjyantān nityasaṃpadaḥ ॥

     The pious ones who make the god's land and servants prosper, may they be honoured in heaven by all the gods and always be prosperous.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of दास (dā́sa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दासः dā́saḥ	दासौ / दासा¹ dā́sau / dā́sā¹	दासाः / दासासः¹ dā́sāḥ / dā́sāsaḥ¹
Vocative	दास dā́sa	दासौ / दासा¹ dā́sau / dā́sā¹	दासाः / दासासः¹ dā́sāḥ / dā́sāsaḥ¹
Accusative	दासम् dā́sam	दासौ / दासा¹ dā́sau / dā́sā¹	दासान् dā́sān
Instrumental	दासेन dā́sena	दासाभ्याम् dā́sābhyām	दासैः / दासेभिः¹ dā́saiḥ / dā́sebhiḥ¹
Dative	दासाय dā́sāya	दासाभ्याम् dā́sābhyām	दासेभ्यः dā́sebhyaḥ
Ablative	दासात् dā́sāt	दासाभ्याम् dā́sābhyām	दासेभ्यः dā́sebhyaḥ
Genitive	दासस्य dā́sasya	दासयोः dā́sayoḥ	दासानाम् dā́sānām
Locative	दासे dā́se	दासयोः dā́sayoḥ	दासेषु dā́seṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Prakrit:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: දාසයා (dāsayā)
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Nepali: दास (dās)
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Kamarupi Prakrit:
        • Early Assamese:
          • Middle Assamese:
            • Assamese: দাস (dax)
      • Old Bengali:
        • Middle Bengali:
          • Bengali: দাস (daś)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀲 (dāsa)
      • Romani: das
    • Hindi: दास (dās)
• Pali: dāsa
• → Old Javanese: dāsa
  • > Javanese: ꦢꦱ (dasa) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬤᬵᬲ (dasa)
• → Telugu: దాసుడు (dāsuḍu)
• → Thai: ทาส (tâat)