पत्नी

See also: पतन

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्नी (patnī).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pət̪.niː/, [pɐt̪̚.niː]

• Audio

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Noun

पत्नी • (patnī) f (masculine पति, Urdu spelling پتنی)

1. wife

Declension

Declension of पत्नी (fem ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियाँ patniyā̃
oblique	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियों patniyõ
vocative	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियो patniyo

Synonyms

• बीवी (bīvī)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्नी (patnī).

Noun

पत्नी • (patnī) f

1. wife

Synonyms

• (wife): बायको (bāyko)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পত্নী (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬢ᭄ᬦᬷ (Balinese script)
• পত্নী (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰝𑰿𑰡𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀦𑀻 (Brahmi script)
• ပတ္နီ (Burmese script)
• પત્ની (Gujarati script)
• ਪਤੑਨੀ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌤𑍍𑌨𑍀 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦠ꧀ꦤꦷ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂞𑂹𑂢𑂲 (Kaithi script)
• ಪತ್ನೀ (Kannada script)
• បត្នី (Khmer script)
• ປຕ຺ນີ (Lao script)
• പത്നീ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᢠᠨᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘝𑘿𑘡𑘲 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢐᠨᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑦽𑧠𑧁𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐣𑐷 (Newa script)
• ପତ୍ନୀ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢡ꣄ꢥꢷ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆠𑇀𑆤𑆵 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖝𑖿𑖡𑖱 (Siddham script)
• පත‍්නී (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩫 𑪙𑩯𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚙𑚶𑚝𑚯 (Takri script)
• பத்நீ (Tamil script)
• పత్నీ (Telugu script)
• ปตฺนี (Thai script)
• པ་ཏྣཱི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒞𑓂𑒢𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨙𑩇𑨝𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátniH (“wife, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *pótnih₂ (“wife”), feminine of *pótis (“husband, lord, master”). Cognate with Avestan *𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (*paθnī, attested in compounds), Ancient Greek πότνια (pótnia, “lady, mistress”), a title that was given to several goddesses.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́t.niː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐt̪.n̪iː/

Noun

पत्नी • (pátnī) stem, f (masculine पति)

1. wife
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.46.7:

     देवानां पत्नीर्उशतीरवन्तु नः प्रावन्तु नस्तुजये वाजसातये ।
     याः पार्थिवासो या अपामपि व्रते ता नो देवीः सुहवाः शर्म यच्छत ॥

     devānāṃ patnīruśatīravantu naḥ prāvantu nastujaye vājasātaye .
     yāḥ pārthivāso yā apāmapi vrate tā no devīḥ suhavāḥ śarma yacchata .

     May the Gods’ Wives aid us of their own freewill, aid us to offspring and the winning of the spoil.
     Grant us protection, O ye gracious Goddesses, ye who are on the earth or in the waters' realm.

2. female possessor, mistress, Lady
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.61.4:

     अव स्यूमेव चिन्वती मघोन्युषा याति स्वसरस्य पत्नी ।
     स्वर्जनन्ती सुभगा सुदंसा आन्ताद्दिवः पप्रथ आ पृथिव्याः ॥

     ava syūmeva cinvatī maghonyuṣā yāti svasarasya patnī .
     svarjanantī subhagā sudaṃsā āntāddivaḥ papratha ā pṛthivyāḥ .

     Letting her reins drop downward, Morning cometh, the wealthy Dame, the Lady of the dwelling;
     Bringing forth light, the Wonderful, the Blessed hath spread her from the bounds of earth and heaven.

Declension

Feminine ī-stem declension of पत्नी (pátnī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पत्नी pátnī	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Vocative	पत्नि pátni	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Accusative	पत्नीम् pátnīm	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्नीः pátnīḥ
Instrumental	पत्न्या pátnyā	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभिः pátnībhiḥ
Dative	पत्न्यै pátnyai	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Ablative	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Genitive	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीनाम् pátnīnām
Locative	पत्न्याम् pátnyām	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीषु pátnīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (pattī)
• → Assamese: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
• → Bengali: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
• → Gujarati: પત્ની (patnī) (learned)
• → Hindustani: patnī (learned)

  Hindi: पत्नी

  Urdu: پتنی

• → Kannada: ಪತ್ನಿ (patni) (learned)
• → Malayalam: പത്നി (patni) (learned)
• → Marathi: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
• → Nepali: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
• → Odia: ପତ୍ନୀ (pôtni) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਪਤਣੀ (patṇī) (learned)
• → Tamil: பத்தினி (pattiṉi) (learned)
• → Telugu: పత్ని (patni) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पत्नी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 582/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 74-75