प्राण

See also: पुराण, प्राणु, पर्ण, and पूर्ण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɾɑːɳ/, [pɾä̃ːɳ]

Noun

प्राण • (prāṇ) m (Urdu spelling پران)

1. vitality, life, spirit, animation

   Synonyms: जान (jān), दम (dam)

   उसके शरीर में कोई प्राण नहीं रहा।

   uske śarīr mẽ koī prāṇ nahī̃ rahā.

   There was no life left in his body.

2. (chiefly in compounds) breath

Declension

Declension of प्राण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	प्राण prāṇ	प्राण prāṇ
oblique	प्राण prāṇ	प्राणों prāṇõ
vocative	प्राण prāṇ	प्राणो prāṇo

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “प्राण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• প্ৰাণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
• প্রাণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပြာဏ (Burmese script)
• પ્રાણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪੑਰਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦿꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪ್ರಾಣ (Kannada script)
• ប្រាណ (Khmer script)
• ປ຺ຣາຓ (Lao script)
• പ്രാണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠷᠠᢗᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପ୍ରାଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦ꣄ꢬꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
• ප්‍රාණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
• ப்ராண (Tamil script)
• ప్రాణ (Telugu script)
• ปฺราณ (Thai script)
• པྲཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

प्र- (pra-) +‎ अन् (an).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɾɑː.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɾɑː.ɳɐ/

Noun

प्राण • (prāṇá) stem, m

1. breath, respiration, the breath of life, vitality, life, vital air (usually plural in this sense)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. the first of the five life-winds or vital airs, which has its seat in the lungs (the other four being अपान (apāna), समान (samāna), व्यान (vyāna) and उदान (udāna))
3. wind, inhaled air
4. energy, vigor, strength, power (as in प्राणसार (prāṇasāra))
5. the spirit or soul (as opposed to शरीर (śarīra))
6. the Supreme Spirit (see आत्मन् (ātman))

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of प्राण (prāṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	प्राणः prāṇáḥ	प्राणौ / प्राणा¹ prāṇaú / prāṇā́¹	प्राणाः / प्राणासः¹ prāṇā́ḥ / prāṇā́saḥ¹
Vocative	प्राण prā́ṇa	प्राणौ / प्राणा¹ prā́ṇau / prā́ṇā¹	प्राणाः / प्राणासः¹ prā́ṇāḥ / prā́ṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative	प्राणम् prāṇám	प्राणौ / प्राणा¹ prāṇaú / prāṇā́¹	प्राणान् prāṇā́n
Instrumental	प्राणेन prāṇéna	प्राणाभ्याम् prāṇā́bhyām	प्राणैः / प्राणेभिः¹ prāṇaíḥ / prāṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	प्राणाय prāṇā́ya	प्राणाभ्याम् prāṇā́bhyām	प्राणेभ्यः prāṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	प्राणात् prāṇā́t	प्राणाभ्याम् prāṇā́bhyām	प्राणेभ्यः prāṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	प्राणस्य prāṇásya	प्राणयोः prāṇáyoḥ	प्राणानाम् prāṇā́nām
Locative	प्राणे prāṇé	प्राणयोः prāṇáyoḥ	प्राणेषु prāṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Burmese: ပြန် (pran)
• → Kannada: ಪ್ರಾಣ (prāṇa)
• → English: prana
• → Hindi: प्राण (prāṇ)
• → Odia: ପ୍ରାଣ (praṇô)
• → Bengali: প্রাণ (pran)
• Pali: pāṇa
• → Telugu: ప్రాణము (prāṇamu)
• → Khmer: ប្រាណ (praan)
• → Thai: ปราณ (bpraan)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “प्राण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 701/3, 705/1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 188