मित्र

See also: मित्रो and मित्रा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /mɪt̪.ɾᵊ/

Noun

मित्र • (mitra) m (feminine मित्रा, Urdu spelling متر)

1. male friend

   मैंने एक मित्र से अपना सामान मँगवाया।

   ma͠ine ek mitra se apnā sāmān maṅgvāyā.

   I got a friend to bring my luggage.

   मेरे मित्र ने मुझे ठगा है।

   mere mitra ne mujhe ṭhagā hai.

   My friend has duped me.

2. ally

   दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध में, इंग्लैंड अमरीका का पक्का मित्र था।

   dūsre viśvayuddh mẽ, iṅglaiṇḍ amrīkā kā pakkā mitra thā.

   During the Second World War, England was America's staunch ally.

Declension

Declension of मित्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मित्र mitra	मित्र mitra
oblique	मित्र mitra	मित्रों mitrõ
vocative	मित्र mitra	मित्रो mitro

Synonyms

• (friend): दोस्त (dost)

Related terms

• मित्रा f (mitrā)
• मित्राई f (mitrāī)

Further reading

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “मित्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Noun

मित्र • (mitra) ?

1. friend
2. the sun

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mit̪rʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: मित्र

Noun

मित्र • (mitra)

1. friend
2. companion

Derived terms

• मित्रता [mitratā]

See also

• साथी [sāthī]

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• মিত্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• মিত্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰰𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• မိတြ (Burmese script)
• મિત્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਮਿਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂱𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಮಿತ್ರ (Kannada script)
• មិត្រ (Khmer script)
• ມິຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• മിത്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡳᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠢᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧒𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ମିତ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢪꢶꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆴𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖰𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• මිත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩑𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚮𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• மித்ர (Tamil script)
• మిత్ర (Telugu script)
• มิตฺร (Thai script)
• མི་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨁𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /⁠miθra⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /mit.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmit̪.ɾɐ/

Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n

1. a friend, companion, associate
2. the sun

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मित्रः mitráḥ	मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mitraú / mitrā́¹	मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mitrā́ḥ / mitrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	मित्र mítra	मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mítrau / mítrā¹	मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mítrāḥ / mítrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मित्रम् mitrám	मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mitraú / mitrā́¹	मित्रान् mitrā́n
Instrumental	मित्रेण mitréṇa	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative	मित्राय mitrā́ya	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative	मित्रात् mitrā́t	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive	मित्रस्य mitrásya	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām
Locative	मित्रे mitré	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्रेषु mitréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मित्रम् mitrám	मित्रे mitré	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Vocative	मित्र mítra	मित्रे mítre	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹
Accusative	मित्रम् mitrám	मित्रे mitré	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Instrumental	मित्रेण mitréṇa	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative	मित्राय mitrā́ya	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative	मित्रात् mitrā́t	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive	मित्रस्य mitrásya	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām
Locative	मित्रे mitré	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्रेषु mitréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Proper noun

मित्र • (mitrá) m or n

1. Mitra
2. name of a मरुत् (marut)
3. name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men
4. name of the third मुहूर्त (muhūrta)
5. (in the dual) = मित्रवरुण (mitrá-varuṇa)

Noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, n

1. friendship
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.03:

     kīdṛ́ňň índraḥ sarame kā́ dṛšīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́r ásaraḥ parākā́t
     ā́ ca gáchān mitrám enā dadhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatir no bhavāti

     What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?
     Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.

2. a friend, companion
3. (with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
4. an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
5. a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
6. (at the end of a compound) resembling, like
7. name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
8. a particular mode of fighting

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मित्रम् mitrám	मित्रे mitré	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Vocative	मित्र mítra	मित्रे mítre	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹
Accusative	मित्रम् mitrám	मित्रे mitré	मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹
Instrumental	मित्रेण mitréṇa	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹
Dative	मित्राय mitrā́ya	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Ablative	मित्रात् mitrā́t	मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām	मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ
Genitive	मित्रस्य mitrásya	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām
Locative	मित्रे mitré	मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ	मित्रेषु mitréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from मित्र (mitra)

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: mạthᵃr

    Devanagari script: मऺथर

    Arabic script: مٔتھر

• Pali: mitta
  • → Thai: มิตร (mít)
  • → Burmese: မိတ္တ (mitta.)
  • → Khmer: មិត្ត (mɨt)
• Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā
        • Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता
        • Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: মিত (mit), মিতা (mita)
      • Bengali: মিতা (mita)
      • Odia: ମିତ (mitô), ମିତା (mita)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri:

          Devanagari script: मीत

          Kaithi script: 𑂧𑂲𑂞

  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Kumaoni: मीत (mīt)
      • Nepali: मित (mit)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: މިތުރު (mituru)
      • Sinhalese: මිත් (mit), මිතුරු (mituru)
  • Western:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Punjabi: mitt

        Gurmukhi script: ਮਿੱਤ

        Shahmukhi script: مِتّ

      • Sindhi: miṭru

        Arabic script: مِٹرُ

        Devanagari script: मिट्रु

        • Kachchi: મિત્તર (mittar)
• → Old Javanese: mitra
  • > Javanese: ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra) (inherited)
    • → Indonesian: mitra
  • → Balinese: ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (mitra)

Terms derived from मित्र (mitra)

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: میترین (mētrēn)
• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani: mītī, mītan
      • Hindi: मीती, मीतन
      • Urdu: مِیتتِی, مِیتَن
• Eastern:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: মিতিনি (mitini)
    • Bengali: মিতিন (mitin)
    • Odia: ମିଟଣି (miṭôṇi)
• Northern:
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: मित्यानि (mityāni)

Terms borrowed from मित्र (mitra)

• → Hurrian: 𒈪𒀉𒊏
• → Malayalam: മിത്രൻ (mitraṉ), മിത്രം (mitraṁ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “मित्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 816/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 354-355
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mitra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 582