वृषभ

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृषभ (vṛṣabha)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɾu.ʂəbʱ/

Noun

वृषभ • (vŕṣabh) m

1. a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus

See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृषभ (vŕṣabh)	मिथुन (mithun)	कर्क (karka)
सिंह (siuha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तूळ (tūḷ)	वृश्चिक (vŕścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुंभ (kumbha)	मीन (mīn)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃষভ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
• বৃষভ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖၑဘ (Burmese script)
• વૃષભ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਹਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಷಭ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
• വൃഷഭ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
• ଵୃଷଭ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
• වෘෂභ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚡 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
• వృషభ (Telugu script)
• วฺฤษภ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (ar^əšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Latin verrēs. Also related to ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ/

Noun

वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem, m

1. a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.31.5:

     त्वमग्ने वृषभः पुष्टिवर्धन उद्यतस्रुचे भवसि श्रवाय्यः।
     य आहुतिं परि वेदा वषट्कृतिमेकायुरग्रे विश आविवाससि॥

     tvamagne vṛṣabhaḥ puṣṭivardhana udyatasruce bhavasi śravāyyaḥ.
     ya āhutiṃ pari vedā vaṣaṭkṛtimekāyuragre viśa āvivāsasi.

     Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to be invoked by him who lifts the ladle up.
     Well knowing the oblation with the hallowing word, uniting all who live, thou lightenest first our folk.

2. the chief, most excellent or eminent, lord or best among (in later language mostly at the end of a compound, or with genitive)
3. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus
4. a particular drug (described as a root brought from the Himalaya mountains, resembling the horn of a bull, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem

1. manly, mighty, vigorous, strong
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.8:

     प्र बभ्रवे वृषभाय श्वितीचे महो महीं सुष्टुतिमीरयामि।
     नमस्या कल्मलीकिनं नमोभिर्गृणीमसि त्वेषं रुद्रस्य नाम॥

     pra babhrave vṛṣabhāya śvitīce maho mahīṃ suṣṭutimīrayāmi.
     namasyā kalmalīkinaṃ namobhirgṛṇīmasi tveṣaṃ rudrasya nāma.

     To him the strong, great, tawny, fair-complexioned, I utter forth a mighty hymn of praises.
     We serve the brilliant God with adorations, we glorify, the splendid name of Rudra.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of वृषभा (vṛṣabhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभा vṛṣabhā́	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ
Vocative	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभाः vṛ́ṣabhāḥ
Accusative	वृषभाम् vṛṣabhā́m	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ
Instrumental	वृषभया / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabháyā / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभिः vṛṣabhā́bhiḥ
Dative	वृषभायै vṛṣabhā́yai	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai²	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai²	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभायाम् vṛṣabhā́yām	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभासु vṛṣabhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhāṇi / vṛ́ṣabhā¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Descendants

• → Pali: vasabha
• Northern:
  • Nepali: बसाबा (basābā)
• Southern:
  • Dhivehi: އިސަބަ (isaba)
  • Sinhalese: වැහැප් (wæhæp, “ox, steer”)
  • Marathi: वसू (vasū)
• Eastern:
  • Bhojpuri: बसहा (basᵊhā)
  • Maithili: बसह (basah)
• Western:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲𑀳 (vasaha)
    • → Kannada: ಬಸವ (basava)
      • → Tamil: வசவன் (vacavaṉ)
• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲𑀳 (vasaha)
    • Hindi: बसह (basah)
    • Old Awadhi: बसह (basah)
• → Burmese: ပြိဿ (pri.ssa.)
• → Khmer: ព្រឹសភៈ (prɨhphĕəʼ)
• → Telugu: వృషభము (vr̥ṣabhamu)
• → Thai: พฤษภ (prʉ́-sòp)

Proper noun

वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) m

1. name of Daśadyu
2. name of an Asura slain by Viṣṇu
3. name of one of the sons of the 10th Manu
4. name of a warrior
5. name of a son of Kuśāgra
6. name of a son of Kārtavīrya
7. (Jainism) name of the first arhat of the present avasarpiṇī
8. name of a mountain in girivraja
9. (astronomy) name of the 28th muhūrta
10. name of a river
11. Mucuna pruriens

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वृषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1012.
• Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma vṛṣabhá