ἀδελφός
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: αδελφός
Ancient Greek[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- ἀδελφεός (adelpheós), ἀδελφειός (adelpheiós) — Epic, Ionic, Lyric
- ἀδελφιός (adelphiós) — Boeotian
- ἀδελφιός (adelphiós), ἀδευφιός (adeuphiós) — Cretan
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Hellenic *əgʷelpʰós, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-gʷelbʰ-ó-s (“one/same womb”), from *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-, copulative prefix) + δελφύς (delphús, “womb”). The initial /h/ is lost due to Grassmann's Law. Cognate to Sanskrit सगर्भ्य (ságarbhya, “brother”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.del.pʰós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /a.delˈpʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /a.ðelˈɸos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /a.ðelˈfos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /a.ðelˈfos/
Noun[edit]
ἀδελφός • (adelphós) m (genitive ἀδελφοῦ); second declension
- brother, male sibling
- 2022 May 18, Seumas Macdonald, chapter 5, in Linguae Graecae Per Se Illustrata[1]:
- ὁ δὲ παῖς βάλλει τὴν σφαῖραν πρὸς τὰς ἀδελφὰς αὐτοῦ. αἱ δὲ λαμβάνουσιν τὴν σφαῖραν καὶ βάλλουσιν αὐτὴν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτῶν.
- ho dè paîs bállei tḕn sphaîran pròs tàs adelphàs autoû. hai dè lambánousin tḕn sphaîran kaì bállousin autḕn pròs tòn adelphòn autôn.
- And the boy throws the ball at his female siblings. And they catch the ball and throw it at their male sibling.
Declension[edit]
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓δελφός ho adelphós |
τὼ ᾰ̓δελφώ tṑ adelphṓ |
οἱ ᾰ̓δελφοί hoi adelphoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓δελφοῦ toû adelphoû |
τοῖν ᾰ̓δελφοῖν toîn adelphoîn |
τῶν ᾰ̓δελφῶν tôn adelphôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓δελφῷ tôi adelphôi |
τοῖν ᾰ̓δελφοῖν toîn adelphoîn |
τοῖς ᾰ̓δελφοῖς toîs adelphoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓δελφόν tòn adelphón |
τὼ ᾰ̓δελφώ tṑ adelphṓ |
τοὺς ᾰ̓δελφούς toùs adelphoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓δελφέ / ᾰ̓́δελφε adelphé / ádelphe |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφοί adelphoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Coordinate terms[edit]
- ἀδελφή (adelphḗ, “sister”)
Adjective[edit]
ᾰ̓δελφός • (adelphós) m (feminine ᾰ̓δελφή, neuter ᾰ̓δελφόν); first/second declension (Attic)
- brotherly or sisterly
- 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 811:
- οὕτως ἀδελφαῖς χερσὶν ἠναίρονθ’ ἅμα;
- hoútōs adelphaîs khersìn ēnaíronth’ háma?
- 1926 translation by Herbert Weir Smyth
- Then with hands so fraternal did they each kill the other together?
- οὕτως ἀδελφαῖς χερσὶν ἠναίρονθ’ ἅμα;
- double
Declension[edit]
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ᾰ̓δελφός adelphós |
ᾰ̓δελφή adelphḗ |
ᾰ̓δελφόν adelphón |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφᾱ́ adelphā́ |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφοί adelphoí |
ᾰ̓δελφαί adelphaí |
ᾰ̓δελφᾰ́ adelphá | |||||
Genitive | ᾰ̓δελφοῦ adelphoû |
ᾰ̓δελφῆς adelphês |
ᾰ̓δελφοῦ adelphoû |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖν adelphoîn |
ᾰ̓δελφαῖν adelphaîn |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖν adelphoîn |
ᾰ̓δελφῶν adelphôn |
ᾰ̓δελφῶν adelphôn |
ᾰ̓δελφῶν adelphôn | |||||
Dative | ᾰ̓δελφῷ adelphôi |
ᾰ̓δελφῇ adelphêi |
ᾰ̓δελφῷ adelphôi |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖν adelphoîn |
ᾰ̓δελφαῖν adelphaîn |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖν adelphoîn |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖς adelphoîs |
ᾰ̓δελφαῖς adelphaîs |
ᾰ̓δελφοῖς adelphoîs | |||||
Accusative | ᾰ̓δελφόν adelphón |
ᾰ̓δελφήν adelphḗn |
ᾰ̓δελφόν adelphón |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφᾱ́ adelphā́ |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφούς adelphoús |
ᾰ̓δελφᾱ́ς adelphā́s |
ᾰ̓δελφᾰ́ adelphá | |||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓δελφέ adelphé |
ᾰ̓δελφή adelphḗ |
ᾰ̓δελφόν adelphón |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφᾱ́ adelphā́ |
ᾰ̓δελφώ adelphṓ |
ᾰ̓δελφοί adelphoí |
ᾰ̓δελφαί adelphaí |
ᾰ̓δελφᾰ́ adelphá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ᾰ̓δελφῶς adelphôs |
ᾰ̓δελφότερος adelphóteros |
ᾰ̓δελφότᾰτος adelphótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms[edit]
- ψευδάδελφος (pseudádelphos, “false brother”)
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “ἀδελφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀδελφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἀδελφός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- G80 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Etymologicum Magnum (ΜΕΓΑ ΕΤΥΜΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΝ online)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἁ-
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Attic Greek
- grc:Male family members