ἀριθμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rei-. Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nēritos, “countless”).

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /aritʰmós/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /aritʰmós/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /ariθmós/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /ariθmós/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /aɾiθmós/

Noun

ἀριθμός (genitive ἀριθμοῦ) m, second declension; (arithmos)

1. number
   1. amount, sum
   2. term in a series
   3. number, account, rank
   4. quantity (opposite quality)
2. numbering, counting
3. arithmetic
4. (philosophy) abstract number
5. (grammar) number
6. numeral
7. unknown quantity
8. (rhetoric) rhythm
9. the sum of the numerical values of the letters of a name
10. military unit (=Latin numerus)
11. (astrology, usually plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time
12. (medicine) precise condition

Inflection

Second declension of ἀριθμός, ἀριθμοῦ

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἀριθμός	ἀριθμώ	ἀριθμοί
Genitive	ἀριθμοῦ	ἀριθμοῖν	ἀριθμῶν
Dative	ἀριθμῷ	ἀριθμοῖν	ἀριθμοῖς
Accusative	ἀριθμόν	ἀριθμώ	ἀριθμούς
Vocative	ἀριθμέ	ἀριθμώ	ἀριθμοί

References

• LSJ
• BDAG
• Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill Academic Publishers)
• Strong’s concordance number: G706