あたえる
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Japanese[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 与える |
Etymology[edit]
/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/
Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb atau (“to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form ata of root verb atsu (modern ateru: 当てる, “to put one thing against another”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]
Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "与える"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
与える | あたえる | [àtáérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 与えろ | あたえろ | [àtáéró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 与えられる | あたえられる | [àtáérárérú] |
| Causative | 与えさせる | あたえさせる | [àtáésásérú] |
| Potential | 与えられる | あたえられる | [àtáérárérú] |
| Volitional | 与えよう | あたえよー | [àtáéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 与えない | あたえない | [àtáénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 与えなかった | あたえなかった | [àtáénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 与えます | あたえます | [àtáémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 与えた | あたえた | [àtáétá] |
| Conjunctive | 与えて | あたえて | [àtáété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 与えれば | あたえれば | [àtáéréꜜbà] |
Verb[edit]
あたえる • (ataeru) ←あたへる (ataferu)?transitive ichidan (stem あたえ (atae), past あたえた (ataeta))
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "あたえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | あたえ | atae | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | あたえ | atae | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | あたえる | ataeru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | あたえる | ataeru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | あたえれ | ataere | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | あたえよ¹ あたえろ² |
ataeyo¹ ataero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | あたえられる | ataerareru | ||
| Causative | あたえさせる あたえさす |
ataesaseru ataesasu | ||
| Potential | あたえられる あたえれる³ |
ataerareru ataereru³ | ||
| Volitional | あたえよう | ataeyō | ||
| Negative | あたえない あたえぬ あたえん |
ataenai ataenu ataen | ||
| Negative continuative | あたえず | ataezu | ||
| Formal | あたえます | ataemasu | ||
| Perfective | あたえた | ataeta | ||
| Conjunctive | あたえて | ataete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | あたえれば | ataereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Related terms[edit]
- 値 (atai): appropriate worth or value
- 当たる (ataru): to hit or strike against something
- 宛 (ate): (suffix) addressed to
References[edit]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN