下一段活用

Japanese

Kanji in this term
下	一	段	活	用

Etymology

A compound of 下一段 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”) and 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”). All earlier lower bigrade verbs turn into lower monograde. Lower refers to the -e stem and contrasts with the upper -i. Monograde refers to the one-way -e, contrasting with the two-way e/u variation in bigrades.

Noun

下一段活用 (hiragana しもいちだんかつよう, romaji shimo ichidan katsuyō)

1. (grammar) lower monograde conjugation; a verbal conjugation class in which the stem ends in -e and has the following inflections: -/-/ru/ru/re/ro. Examples:

	Irrealis	Adverbial	Conclusive	Attributive	Realis	Imperative
uke- "to receive"	uke-	uke-	uke-ru	uke-ru	uke-re	uke-ro
nige- "to flee"	nige-	nige-	nige-ru	nige-ru	nige-re	nige-ro
tabe- "to eat"	tabe-	tabe-	tabe-ru	tabe-ru	tabe-re	tabe-ro

See also

• 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō)

Related terms

• 五段活用 (godan katsuyō)
• カ行変格活用 (kagyō henkaku katsuyō)
• 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō)
• 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō)
• ナ行変格活用 (nagyō henkaku katsuyō)
• ラ行変格活用 (ragyō henkaku katsuyō)
• サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō)
• 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō)
• 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō)