中

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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
中-bw.png
Stroke order
中-order.gif

Etymology[edit]

中 中 中 中
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) a vertical stroke 丨 passing throught the center of 口, indicating the center. Originally a pictograph of a string heddle 综. It is also interpreted as a flagpole piercing the middle of a frame or an arrow in the center of a target.

Han character[edit]

中 (radical 2 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻口丨)

  1. center, middle
  2. central
  3. in the midst of, during (a period of time)
  4. (abbreviation) China, Chinese
  5. hit (target)
  6. attain

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 79, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 73
  • Dae Jaweon: page 158, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 28, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4E2D

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 中

Etymology[edit]

Old Chinese *trjəngʷ (Li Fanggui (1971)). Cognate with Old Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).[1]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (中, reconstructed)
Character (中), Pronunciation 1/2

Initial: 知 (9)
Final: 東
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 陟弓切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/ʈɨuŋ/ /ȶi̯uŋ/ /ȶiuŋ/ /ʈiuŋ/ /ʈuwŋ/ /ȶĭuŋ/ /ȶiuŋ/
Character (中), Pronunciation 2/2

Initial: 知 (9)
Final: 東
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 陟仲切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/ʈɨuŋH/ /ȶi̯uŋH/ /ȶiuŋH/ /ʈiuŋH/ /ʈuwŋH/ /ȶĭuŋH/ /ȶiuŋH/
Old Chinese pronunciation (中, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
中 zhōng ‹ trjuwng › /*truŋ/ center
中 zhòng ‹ trjuwngH › /*truŋ-s/ hit the center

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
中 17407 中 終 0 中 /*tuŋ/
中 17410 中 終 0 中 /*tuŋs/

Noun[edit]

中

  1. middle, center

Adjective[edit]

中

  1. medium, intermediary
    這件夾克有3個大小號。小，中，大。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件夹克有3个大小号。小，中，大。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu 3 ge dàxiǎo hào. Xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
    You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
  2. (dialect) all right, OK

Preposition[edit]

中

  1. within, among, in
    受傷者中有一位15歲的女孩。 [MSC, trad.]
    受伤者中有一位15岁的女孩。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shòushāng zhě zhōng yǒu yī wèi 15 suì de nǚhái. [Pinyin]
    A fifteen year old girl was among the injured.
  2. while, in the process of, during, in the middle of
    他在事故中受傷。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在事故中受伤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng. [Pinyin]
    He was injured in the accident
    她出生在一場暴風雨中。 [MSC, trad.]
    她出生在一场暴风雨中。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā chūshēng zài yī chǎng bàofēngyǔ zhōng. [Pinyin]
    She was born in the middle of a rain storm.

Proper noun[edit]

中

  1. China, Chinese
    中美關係 / 中美关系  ―  zhōng měi guānxì  ―  China–United States relation
  2. A surname​. Zhong
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

中

  1. to hit the mark, to be correct, to be successful
  2. to be hit by, to suffer, to be affected by
    一次伏擊中一名警察中彈身亡。 [MSC, trad.]
    一次伏击中一名警察中弹身亡。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yīcì fújī zhōng yī míng jǐngchá zhōng dàn shēnwáng. [Pinyin]
    A policeman has been shot dead in an ambush.
    他試圖爬走時肩膀中槍了。 [MSC, trad.]
    他试图爬走时肩膀中枪了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhōng qiāng le. [Pinyin]
    As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
  3. to win (a prize, a lottery)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
中

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compound words that contain 中

Common

Common (continued)

Common (continued)

Uncommon

Noun[edit]

中 (hiragana なか, romaji naka)

  1. inside
  2. middle

中 (hiragana ちゅう, romaji chū)

  1. middle
  2. during
  3. being in the process of doing
  4. second volume of a three volume set

中 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

内 (うち, uchi)
裡 (うち, uchi)
内 is the most common kanji for this pronunciation.
  1. inside

Proper noun[edit]

中 (hiragana ちゅう, romaji Chū)

  1. short form for China or Chinese, Sino- (prefix)
    日中関係 (にっちゅうかんけい)
    Nitchū kankei
    Sino-Japanese relations

中 (hiragana あたり, romaji Atari)

  1. A surname​.

中 (hiragana なか, romaji Naka)

  1. A surname​.

中 (hiragana あたる, romaji Ataru)

  1. A female given name

Suffix[edit]

中 (hiragana じゅう, romaji -jū)

  1. during, in the course of, throughout
  2. all over, everywhere

中 (hiragana ちゅう, romaji -chū)

  1. being in the process of doing

Usage notes[edit]

The distinction between じゅう (jū) and ちゅう (chū) is somewhat confusing: じゅう means throughout, in all places, as in 一日中 (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体中 (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業中 (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

中 (jung)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 중 (revised: jung, McCune-Reischauer: chung, Yale: cwung)
  • Name (hangeul): 가운데 (revised: gaunde, McCune-Reischauer: kaunde, Yale: kawuntey)
  1. the middle, the center, the heart, the midst

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

中 (jung) (hangeul 중)

  1. Hanja form? of 중, “the middle, medium, during”.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

中 (trung, trong, truông, đúng, trúng, truồng)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

References[edit]

  • ^ 《汉藏语同源词综探》，全广镇
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