久遠

See also: 久远

Chinese

		(long) time; (long) duration of time	far; distant; remote
trad. (久遠)		久	遠
simp. (久远)		久	远

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǔyuǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄩㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² jyun⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiú-yén / kiú-yán
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiú-oán

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔyuǎn [Phonetic: jiúyuǎn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄩㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒuyuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³-yüan³
    • Yale: jyǒu-ywǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeouyeuan
    • Palladius: цзююань (czjujuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau² jyun⁵
    • Yale: gáu yúhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² jyn⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² yun⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ jyːn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú-yén
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu` ien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu³ yan³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹ i̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú-yán
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu` (r)ian`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu³ yan³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹ (j)i̯an³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiú-oán
    • Tâi-lô: kiú-uán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiwoarn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwX hjwonX

Rime
Character	久	遠
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉有切	雲阮切
Baxter	kjuwX	hjwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/	/ɦʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/	/ɦʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/	/ɣiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/	/ɦuanX/
Li Rong	/kiuX/	/ɣiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/	/ɣĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/	/i̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	yuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	jyun5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəʔ  C.ɢʷanʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷlɯʔ  ɢʷanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	久	遠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ	yuǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwX ›	‹ hjwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷəʔ/	/*C.ɢʷanʔ/
English	a long time	far
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	久	遠
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	6969	16226
Phonetic component	久	袁
Rime group	之	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	久	遠
Old Chinese	/*kʷlɯʔ/	/*ɢʷanʔ/

Adjective

久遠

1. a long time ago; far back

Synonyms

• 久長／久长 (jiǔcháng) (literary or Hakka, Min)
• 延延 (yányán) (literary)
• 延長／延长 (yáncháng) (literary)
• 彌遠／弥远 (míyuǎn) (literary)
• 恆久／恒久 (héngjiǔ)
• 悠久 (yōujiǔ)
• 悠長／悠长 (yōucháng)
• 曠世／旷世 (kuàngshì) (literary)
• 永久 (yǒngjiǔ)
• 永恆／永恒 (yǒnghéng)
• 漫長／漫长 (màncháng)
• 終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
• 迢迢 (tiáotiáo) (literary)
• 長久／长久 (chángjiǔ)
• 長遠／长远 (chángyuǎn)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
久	遠
く Grade: 5	おん Grade: 2

Alternative forms

• 久遠の (kuon no): of or relating to eternity, eternal

Etymology 1

From ku (久, of long duration, longstanding, lasting a long time) + on (遠, distant (in time), far-off, remote).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くおん [kùóń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) く​おん [kúꜜòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝõ̞ɴ]

Noun

久(く)遠(おん) • (kuon) ^{←くをん (kuwon)?}

1. eternity

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
久	遠
きゅう Grade: 5	えん Grade: 2

From kyū (久, of long duration, longstanding, lasting a long time) + en (遠, distant (in time), far-off, remote).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きゅうえん [kyùúéń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲɨᵝːẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

久(きゅう)遠(えん) • (kyūen) ^{←きうゑん (kiuwen)?}

1. eternity

Usage notes

• kuon is more commonly used than kyūen