令

See also: 命

Translingual

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 亼 + 卩

Han character

令 (radical 9 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 8030₇, composition ⿱亽龴)

1. command, order
2. 'commandant', magistrate
3. allow, cause

Derived characters

• 玲, 命, 齡 (齢 龄), 翎, 苓, 伶, 領, 零, 笭, 柃, 聆, 囹, 泠, 冷, 瓴, 鈴, 軨, 蛉, 魿, 鴒 (鸰)

References

• KangXi: page 93, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
• Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 111, character 10
• Unihan data for U+4EE4

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		令

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lim¹, ling⁴, ling⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): lin
• Min Nan (POJ): lēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ling⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lim¹, ling⁴, ling⁶
    • Yale: līm, lìhng, lihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lim¹, ling⁴, ling⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /lin⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
    • Tâi-lô: līng
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɪŋ²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (令, reconstructed)
Character (令), Pronunciation 1/5
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 仙 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 力延切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/liᴇn/	/li̯ɛn/	/liɛn/	/liɛn/	/lian/	/lĭɛn/	/ljæn/
Character (令), Pronunciation 2/5
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 清 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 呂貞切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/liᴇŋ/	/li̯ɛŋ/	/liɛŋ/	/liɛŋ/	/liajŋ/	/lĭɛŋ/	/liæŋ/
Character (令), Pronunciation 3/5
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 青 Division: IV			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 郎丁切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/leŋ/	/lieŋ/	/leŋ/	/leŋ/	/lɛjŋ/	/lieŋ/	/lɛŋ/
Character (令), Pronunciation 4/5
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 清 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 力政切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/liᴇŋH/	/li̯ɛŋH/	/liɛŋH/	/liɛŋH/	/liajŋH/	/lĭɛŋH/	/liæŋH/
Character (令), Pronunciation 5/5
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 青 Division: IV			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 郎定切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/leŋH/	/lieŋH/	/leŋH/	/leŋH/	/lɛjŋH/	/lieŋH/	/lɛŋH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (令, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
令								líng								‹ leng ›								/*[r]ˤiŋ/								脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird)
令								líng								‹ ljeng ›								/*riŋ/								send (a person)
令								lìng								‹ ljengH ›								/*riŋ-s/								issue a command
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
令					8271					令					元					2					連					/*ren/
令					8277					令					耕					0					跉					/*reŋ/
令					8284					令					耕					0					令					/*reŋs/
令					8306					令					耕					0					靈					/*reːŋ/
令					8332					令					耕					0					零					/*reːŋs/

Noun

令

1. (archaic) governor of a county

References

• Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1

See also

• 伶 - 冷 - 呤 - 囹 - 岭 - 怜 - 拎 - 泠 - 玲 - 瓴 - 笭 - 羚 - 翎 - 苓 - 蛉 - 聆- 鈴 - 零 - 領 - 齢

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Japanese

Kanji

令

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: りょう (ryō)
• Kan’on: れい (rei)
• Kun: いいつけ (iitsuke), おさ (osa)

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Korean

Hanja

令 (ryeong) (hangeul 령, revised ryeong, McCune-Reischauer ryŏng, Yale ryeng)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

令 (lệnh, lanh, lành, lênh, lình, liệng, lịnh, loanh)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

References

• Nom Foundation