企鵝

See also: 企鹅

Chinese

FWOTD – 3 December 2021

		to stand	goose
trad. (企鵝)		企	鵝
simp. (企鹅)		企	鹅
alternative forms		企鵞／企鹅
Literally: “standing goose”.

Etymology

• (employee who does not work): From 行行企企 (haang⁴ haang⁴ kei⁵ kei⁵, “to walk around aimlessly and have nothing to do”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ'é, qì'é

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄜˊ, ㄑㄧˋ ㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kei⁵ ngo^4-2
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khî-ngò
• Eastern Min (BUC): kié-ngò̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khí-gô / khì-gô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶ gho⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵chi-ngu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ'é
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ-é
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³-o²
    • Yale: chǐ-é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiier
    • Palladius: циэ (cie)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qì'é
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cì-é
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴-o²
    • Yale: chì-é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiher
    • Palladius: циэ (cie)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kei⁵ ngo^4-2
    • Yale: kéih ngó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁵ ngo^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁵ ngo^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯¹³ ŋɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî-ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki´ ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki¹ ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴ ŋo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kié-ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-gô
    • Tâi-lô: khí-gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qy'gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì-gô
    • Tâi-lô: khì-gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qie'gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡɤ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi⁶ gho⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ gô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵chi-ngu
    • MiniDict: chi^去 ngu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi-ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ ŋu⁴⁴/

Noun

企鵝

1. penguin (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) [from 19th c.]

   • 企鵝翼小難行、而善於游水。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     企鹅翼小难行、而善于游水。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1864, 《智環啟蒙塾課初步》 [Graduated Reading; Comprising a Circle of Knowledge in 200 Lessons. Gradation 1], second edition, improved, lesson 64

     Qǐ'é yì xiǎo nán xíng, ér shànyú yóushuǐ. [Pinyin]

     the penguin has small wings, it walks badly, but swims well.

   • 時天氣冷絕。迭克忍寒而哭。雨雲復聚。遂奔歸板屋。旣入。進餅。並煑企鵝之卵食之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     时天气冷绝。迭克忍寒而哭。雨云复聚。遂奔归板屋。既入。进饼。并煮企鹅之卵食之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1905, H. Rider Haggard, translated by 林紓 [Lin Shu] and 魏易 [Wei Yi], 《玉雪留痕》 [Mr Meeson's Will], chapter 10

     Shí tiānqì lěng jué. Diékè rěn hán ér kū. Yǔyún fù jù. Suì bēn guī bǎnwū. Jì rù. Jìn bǐng. Bìng zhǔ qǐ'é zhī luǎn shí zhī. [Pinyin]

     It was very cold outside; so cold that the child cried, and the rain clouds were coming up fast, so she hurried back to the hut, and, together with Dick, made her breakfast off some biscuit and some roast penguin’s eggs, which were not at all bad eating. [original English]
     It was very cold then. Dick endured the cold and cried. The rain clouds gathered again, so [she] hurried back to the hut, and [they] both entered. [They] ate some biscuit, and [they] cooked the penguin’s eggs and ate them. [literal English translation]

   • 而當小企鵝被孵出，媽媽還沒回來時，企鵝爸爸則吐出自己的胃液，來哺育孩子。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
     而当小企鹅被孵出，妈妈还没回来时，企鹅爸爸则吐出自己的胃液，来哺育孩子。 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]

     From: 1996, 劉墉 [Liu Yong], 《生生世世未了緣》, page 166

     Ér dāng xiǎo qì'é bèi fūchū, māma hái méi huílái shí, qì'é bàba zé tùchū zìjǐ de wèiyè, lái bǔyù háizi. [Pinyin]

     And when the little penguin hatches out and its mom has still not come back, the penguin dad would spit out his gastric juice and feed it to his child.

2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) employee who does not work

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 企鵝 (“penguin”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		企鵝
Mandarin	Taiwan	企鵝
	Singapore	企鵝
Cantonese	Hong Kong	企鵝
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	企鵝
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	企鵝
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	企鵝
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	企鵝
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	企鵝
Southern Min	Xiamen	企鵝
	Tainan	徛鵝
	Singapore (Teochew)	徛鵝
Wu	Shanghai	企鵝

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (企鵝):

• → Japanese: 企鵝(きが) (kiga)

Others:

• → Zhuang: gingoz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
企	鵝
き Grade: S	が Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

企(き)鵝(が) • (kiga) 

1. (rare) penguin

Synonyms

• 人鳥(じんちょう) (jinchō), ペンギン (pengin)