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U+5112, 儒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5112

[U+5111]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5113]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 9, +14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人一月月 (OMBB), four-corner 21227, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1220
  • Dae Jaweon: page 253, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 230, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5112

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. 𰁡
alternative forms

𠍶
𪝥

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *njo): semantic (human) + phonetic (OC *sno).

Etymology[edit]

Origin obscure. Chen (2013)[1] – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to (OC *mlju, “soft”) and (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) "probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility".

Pronunciation[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu³⁵/
Harbin /lu²¹³/
/ʐu²¹³/
Tianjin /ʐu⁴⁵/
Jinan /lu⁵⁵/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu⁴²/
Xi'an /vu²⁴/
Xining /v̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu⁵³/
Lanzhou /vu⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐu⁵¹/
/vu⁵¹/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu²¹²/
Nanjing /ʐu²⁴/
Hefei /ʐu²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zu⁵³/
Pingyao /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /y⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /y⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zu³¹/
/zi³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵio/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵuə̆/
Li
Rong
/ȵio/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyu ›
Old
Chinese
/*no/
English 侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism
(not in original list)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13969
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njo/

Definitions[edit]

  1. scholar; learned person
    外史  ―  lín wàishǐ  ―  Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)
  2. Confucian; Ruist
  3. Confucianism; Ruism
  4. weak; cowardly
  5. a surname

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Chen, Yong (2013) Confucianism as Religion: Controversies and Consequences. Series: Religion in Chinese Societies, Volume 5. Leiden: Brill. pp. 26-29

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. Confucianism
  2. Confucianist

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC nyu).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅲᆼ (Yale: zyù)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 션븨 (Yale: syènpùy) ᅀᅲ (Yale: zyù)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 선비 (seonbi yu))

  1. Hanja form? of (scholar).
  2. Hanja form? of (Confucianism).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: nho[1][2][3][4][5][6], nhu[1][2][5][7], nhô[8][6]

  1. scholar
  2. Ruism, Confucianism

References[edit]