共

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

共 (radical 12 八+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿金 (TC), four-corner 4480₁, composition ⿱龷八)

Derived characters

• 供 粪 衖

See also

• 暴 殿

References

• KangXi: page 127, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1458
• Dae Jaweon: page 283, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 243, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5171

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		共

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng (gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹, gung⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): kāng / kā / kiōng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kung⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹, gung⁶
    • Yale: gūng, guhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹, gung⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/, /kʊŋ²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāng / kā / kiōng
    • Tâi-lô: kāng / kā / kiōng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ³³/, /ka³³/, /kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²²/, /ka²²/, /kiɔŋ²²/
  • Note: kāng, kā - vernacular, kiōng - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (共, reconstructed)
Character (共), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 鍾 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 九容切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɨoŋ/	/ki̯woŋ/	/kioŋ/	/kioŋ/	/kuawŋ/	/kĭwoŋ/	/kioŋ/
Character (共), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 群 (30) Final: 鍾 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 渠用切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɡɨoŋH/	/gi̯woŋH/	/ɡioŋH/	/ɡioŋH/	/guawŋH/	/ɡĭwoŋH/	/ɡioŋH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (共, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
共								gòng								‹ gjowngH ›								/*N-k(r)oŋʔ-s/								together, all
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
共					4170					共					東					0					恭					/*kloŋ/
共					4182					共					東					0					共					/*ɡloŋs/

Adverb

共

1. together, co-

Compounds

compounds of 共

共餐 共产党 共产国际 共产主义 共产主义青年团 共处 共度 共犯 共匪

共管 共和 共和国 共和制 共话 共计 共进 共居 共勉

共鸣 共谋 共栖 共青团 共生 共识 共事 共同 共同市场

共同体 共同语言 共享 共性 共议 共用 共有 共振

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

共

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. together
2. both
3. all
4. with
5. co-

Readings

• Goon: く (ku), くう (kū)
• Kan’on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’yōon: ぐ (gu)
• Kun: とも (tomo), ともに (tomoni), ども (domo)

Compounds

Derived terms

共演 (きょうえん, kyōen) 共学 (きょうがく, kyōgaku) 共感 (きょうかん, kyōkan) 共産 (きょうさん, kyōsan) 共産党 (きょうさんとう, kyōsantō) 共存 (きょうぞん, kyōzon) 共著 (きょうちょ, kyōcho) 共通 (きょうつう, kyōtsū) 共通語 (きょうつうご, kyōtūgo) 共同 (きょうどう, kyōdō) 共犯 (きょうはん, kyōhan) 共謀 (きょうぼう, kyōbō) 共鳴 (きょうめい, kyōmei) 共有 (きょうゆう, kyōyū) 共用 (きょうよう, kyōyō) 共和国 (きょうわこく, kyōwakoku) 共依存 (きょういぞん, kyōizon) 共々, 共共 (ともども, tomodomo) 共営 (きょうえい, kyōei) 共栄 (きょうえい, kyōei) 共益 (きょうえき, kyōeki) 共起 (きょうき, kyōki) 共襟 (ともえり, tomoeri) 共催 (きょうさい, kyōsai) 共済 (きょうさい, kyōsai) 共助 (きょうじょ, kyōjo) 共晶 (きょうしょう, kyōshō) 公共 (こうきょう, kōkyō) 事共 (ことども, kotodomo) 社共 (しゃきょう, shakyō) 是非共 (ぜひとも, zehitomo) 中共 (ちゅうきょう, chūkyō) 防共 (ぼうきょう, bōkyō) 身共 (みども, midomo) 諸共 (もろとも, morotomo) 容共 (ようきょう, yōkyō) 両方共 (りょうほうとも, ryōhōtomo) 私共 (わたくしども, watakushidomo) 何共 (なんとも, nantomo)

Noun

共 (hiragana とも, romaji tomo)

1. both, all

Prefix

共 (hiragana きょう, romaji kyō-)

1. co-

Suffix

共 (hiragana とも, romaji -tomo)

1. altogether
2. -included

   送料共 (そうりょうとも)

   sōryō-tomo

   including shipping fees, including postage

Synonyms

• 込 (こみ) (komi)

Suffix

共 (hiragana ども, romaji -domo)

1. indicates plural

Synonyms

• 達 (たち) (tachi)

Usage notes

Affixing 共 to oneself indicates humbleness. Affixing 共 to other people is disrespectful compared to 達 (たち, -tachi).

Related terms

• 其れ共 (soretomo, それとも)
• 共食い
• 二つ共
• 共に
• 共稼ぎ

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Korean

Hanja

共 (gong) (hangeul 공)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

共 (cộng, cung, cụng, cùng, gọng, cọng, cũng)

Compounds

• 越南共和 Việt Nam cộng hòa
• 共產 cộng sãn
• 越共 Việt Cộng
• 中共 Trung Cộng

• This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Nôm: cọng, cộng, cùng, cũng, cụng, gọng

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999