刻苦
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Chinese[edit]
quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive |
bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful | ||
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trad. (刻苦) | 刻 | 苦 | |
simp. #(刻苦) | 刻 | 苦 |
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
刻苦
- industrious; assiduous; diligent
- (of life) basic; frugal
Synonyms[edit]
- (industrious):
- 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
- 力落 (Teochew)
- 努力 (nǔlì)
- 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
- 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
- 勤勞/勤劳 (qínláo)
- 勤奮/勤奋 (qínfèn)
- 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
- 勤懇/勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
- 勤謹/勤谨 (Dungan)
- 堅苦/坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
- 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
- 巴巴結結/巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
- 急計/急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 用功 (yònggōng)
- 發狠/发狠 (fa3 hen6) (Xiang)
- 耐勞/耐劳 (nàiláo)
- 骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)
- (frugal):
- 仔細/仔细 (zǐxì) (Northeastern Mandarin)
- 做人家 (Wu)
- 儉/俭 (jiǎn) (Hsinchu & Taichung Hokkien)
- 儉樸/俭朴 (jiǎnpǔ) (thrifty and simple)
- 儉省/俭省 (jiǎnshěng)
- 儉約/俭约 (jiǎnyuē) (literary)
- 克己 (kèjǐ)
- 抾拾 (Hokkien)
- 樸素/朴素 (pǔsù)
- 省儉/省俭 (shěngjiǎn)
- 節儉/节俭 (jiéjiǎn)
- 節省/节省 (jiéshěng)
- 節約/节约 (jiéyuē)
- 簡省/简省 (Hokkien)
- 粒積/粒积 (Hokkien)
- 𧺤儉/𧺤俭 (Hokkien)
Antonyms[edit]
Adverb[edit]
刻苦
Verb[edit]
刻苦
Synonyms[edit]
- 苛待 (kēdài)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
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刻 | 苦 |
こく > こっ Grade: 6 |
く Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Noun[edit]
Verb[edit]
刻苦する • (kokku suru) suru (stem 刻苦し (kokku shi), past 刻苦した (kokku shita))
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "刻苦する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 刻苦し | こっくし |
| ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 刻苦し | こっくし |
| ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 刻苦する | こっくする |
| ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 刻苦する | こっくする |
| ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 刻苦すれ | こっくすれ |
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Meireikei ("imperative") | 刻苦せよ¹ 刻苦しろ² |
こっくせよ¹ こっくしろ² |
¹
² | ||
Key constructions | |||||
Passive | 刻苦される | こっくされる |
| ||
Causative | 刻苦させる 刻苦さす |
こっくさせる こっくさす |
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Potential | 刻苦できる | こっくできる |
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Volitional | 刻苦しよう | こっくしよう |
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Negative | 刻苦しない | こっくしない |
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Negative continuative | 刻苦せず | こっくせず |
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Formal | 刻苦します | こっくします |
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Perfective | 刻苦した | こっくした |
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Conjunctive | 刻苦して | こっくして |
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Hypothetical conditional | 刻苦すれば | こっくすれば |
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¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
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