削

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
削 U+524A, 削
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524A
← 剉
[U+5249] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剋 →
[U+524B]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

削 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火月中弓 (FBLN), four-corner 92200, composition ⿰肖刂)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 140, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2000
  • Dae Jaweon: page 317, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 341, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+524A

Chinese[edit]

trad. 削
simp. # 削

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 削
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (肖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
梢 *sreːw
捎 *sreːw, *sew
筲 *sreːw
鞘 *sreːw, *slewɢs
艄 *sreːw
蛸 *sreːw, *sew
髾 *sreːw
輎 *sreːw
旓 *sreːw
弰 *sreːw
鮹 *sreːw, *sew
綃 *sreːw, *sew
颵 *sreːw
莦 *sreːw, *sew
娋 *sreːw, *sreːws
稍 *sreːws
哨 *sreːws, *sʰews, *sew
揱 *sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ
潲 *sreːws
睄 *sreːws
悄 *sʰewʔ
俏 *sʰews
峭 *sʰews
陗 *sʰews
帩 *sʰews
誚 *zews
消 *sew
宵 *sew
霄 *sew
硝 *sew
銷 *sew
逍 *sew
魈 *sew
痟 *slew
焇 *sew
肖 *slew, *slews
韒 *slewɢs
趙 *l'ewʔ
箾 *seːw, *sleːw
踃 *seːw
削 *slewɢ
矟 *sreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slewɢ) : phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews) + semantic 刂.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • xiāo - vernacular (“to pare; to slice the ball”);
  • xuē/xuè - literary.
Note:
  • “to pare with a knife; to delete; to mock; to remove fat; to damage the spleen”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 削
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiau⁴⁴/
/ɕyɛ²¹³/
/ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiɑu²¹/
/ɕye²¹/
Jinan /ɕyə²¹³/
Qingdao /syə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /syo²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕyo²¹/
Xining /ɕyu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕye¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕyə¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕyɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕio⁵⁵/ ～球
/ɕio²¹³/ 剝～
Chengdu /ɕye³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕio³¹/
Nanjing /sioʔ⁵/
/syeʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /siɑʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /siu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sio²⁴/
Xiangtan /sio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /siok̚¹/
Taoyuan /siok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sœk̚³/
Nanning /ɬœk̚³³/
Hong Kong /sœk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siɔk̚³²/
/siaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siɛʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /siɔ²⁴/
/sia²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /siauʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tia⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 削
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息約切
Baxter sjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨak̚/
Li
Rong 		/siak̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xue
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soek3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 削 削
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiāo xiào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjak › ‹ sjewH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ewk/ /*[s]ewk-s/
English scrape, pare scrape, pare

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 削
Reading # 1/1
No. 13761
Phonetic
component 		肖
Rime
group 		藥
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		削
Old
Chinese 		/*slewɢ/

Definitions[edit]

削

  1. to pare with a knife; to peel with a knife; to scrape off the surface; to slice
  2. to divide; to split; to separate
  3. ⁜ to reduce; to cut down
  4. ⁜ to weaken
  5. ⁜ to rob; to expropriate; to plunder
  6. ⁜ (literary or Taiwanese Hokkien) to delete; to remove; to cut out
  7. (table tennis) to slice (the ball)
  8. (ideophonic) steep (as if sliced); precipitous; sheer
  9. (ideophonic) emaciated; scraggy; slender
  10. (historical) writing knife
  11. (historical) thin slips of wood used for writing; letters
  12. (Cantonese) skinny; lean
  13. (Cantonese) to hurt (the stomach)
  14. (Hokkien) to mock; to ridicule; to have a dig at someone (to embarrass someone)
  15. (Xiamen Hokkien) to remove fat, etc. from a body organ (of food or beverage)
  16. (Xiamen Hokkien) to damage the spleen, stomach, etc. (of food or beverage)
  17. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to compete; to fight
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to reduce):
  • (to weaken):
  • (to remove):
  • (to plunder):
  • (to mock):
  • (to remove fat, to damage the spleen): (Hokkien) 剾／𠛅 (khau)
Usage notes[edit]

Use 剝／剥 (bāo) for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use 削 (xiāo) for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

削

  1. Original form of 鞘 (qiào, “sword sheath”).

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 削
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sræwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[sˁ]rewk-s/
English zone near the capital

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions[edit]

削

  1. (historical) fief within three hundred li from the state capital

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 削
Kyūjitai
[1]
削󠄁
削+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
削󠄃
削+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

削

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. plane, whittle

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 削 (MC sjak):

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 削 (qiào, xiào):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 300 (paper), page 200 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 削 (MC sjak).

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

削 (eumhun 깎을 삭 (kkakkeul sak))

  1. Hanja form? of 삭 (“cut”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

削: Hán Nôm readings: tước, tược, tướt, tượt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=削&oldid=78606299"