励む

Japanese[edit]

Alternative spelling
勵む (kyūjitai)

Japanese verb pair
active	励ます
mediopassive	励む

Cognate with the adjective 激しい (hageshii).^[1] Possibly from はげ (hage, root of 激しい) + む (-mu). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	励む	はげむ	`[hàgéꜜmù]`
Imperative (命令形)	励め	はげめ	`[hàgéꜜmè]`
Key constructions
Passive	励まれる	はげまれる	`[hàgémáréꜜrù]`
Causative	励ませる	はげませる	`[hàgémáséꜜrù]`
Potential	励める	はげめる	`[hàgéméꜜrù]`
Volitional	励もう	はげもー	`[hàgémóꜜò]`
Negative	励まない	はげまない	`[hàgémáꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	励まなかった	はげまなかった	`[hàgémáꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	励みます	はげみます	`[hàgémímáꜜsù]`
Perfective	励んだ	はげんだ	`[hàgéꜜǹdà]`
Conjunctive	励んで	はげんで	`[hàgéꜜǹdè]`
Hypothetical conditional	励めば	はげめば	`[hàgéꜜmèbà]`

励(はげ)む • (hagemu) intransitive godan (stem 励(はげ)み (hagemi), past 励(はげ)んだ (hagenda))

to be zealous, to be preoccupied with, to strive
ジョギングに励(はげ)んだ。
Jogingu ni hagenda.
We have been quite keen on running.

Conjugation of "励む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.