勤

See also: 懃

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): phonetic 堇 + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Han character

勤 (radical 19 力+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 4412₇, composition ⿰堇力)

1. industrious, diligent, attentive

Derived characters

• 懃

References

• KangXi: page 149, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
• Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 378, character 3
• Unihan data for U+52E4

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		勤

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): khîn / khûn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'in²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn / khûn
    • Tâi-lô: khîn / khûn
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰin²³/, /kʰun²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³/, /kʰun¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (勤, reconstructed)
Character (勤), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 群 (30) Final: 欣 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 巨斤切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɡɨn/	/gi̯ən/	/ɡiən/	/ɡɨn/	/gɨn/	/ɡĭən/	/ɡiən/

Old Chinese pronunciation (勤, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
勤								qín								‹ gjɨn ›								/*[ɡ]ər/								toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
勤					6749					堇					文					1					勤					/*ɡɯn/

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Japanese

Kanji

勤

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: ごん (gon)
• Kan’on: きん (kin)
• Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru), つとめ (tsutome)

Compounds

• 勤学
• 勤苦
• 勤倹
• 勤倹尚武
• 勤倹力行
• 勤仕
• 勤続
• 勤惰
• 勤怠
• 勤王/勤皇
• 勤王攘夷
• 勤番
• 勤勉
• 勤務
• 勤役
• 勤労
• 勤行
• 勤求
• 勤修

Proper noun

勤 (hiragana つとむ, romaji Tsutomu)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

勤 (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune-Reischauer kŭn)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

勤 (cần, cùn)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.