及

See also: 乃 and 廴

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – a hand (又, roughly 爪, 肀) grabbing a person 人. The hand has developed into the ㄋ at right.

Unrelated to graphically similar 乃.

Han character

及 (radical 29 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹水 (NHE), four-corner 1724₇)

1. extend
2. reach
3. come up to
4. and

Derived characters

• 吸 汲 級 (级)

References

• KangXi: page 165, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3118
• Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 35, character 1
• Unihan data for U+53CA

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		及

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gap⁶, kap⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): khi̍p
• Min Nan (POJ): ki̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gap⁶, kap⁶
    • Yale: gahp, kahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gap⁹, kap⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɐp̚²/, /kʰɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍p
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kib6
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki̍p
    • Tâi-lô: ki̍p
    • IPA (Taipei): /kip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kip̚¹²¹/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (及, reconstructed)
Character (及), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 群 (30) Final: 緝 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 其立切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɡiɪp̚/	/gi̯əp̚/	/ɡiəp̚/	/ɡip̚/	/gip̚/	/ɡĭĕp̚/	/ɡjep̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (及, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
及								jí								‹ gip ›								/*[m-k-]rəp/								reach to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
及					5664					及					緝					1					及					/*ɡrɯb/

Compounds

• 可及性

References

• (Hakka) Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

及

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: ごう (gō)
• Kan’on: きゅう (kyū)
• Kun: およぶ (oyobu), および (oyobi), およぼす (oyobosu)
• Nanori: おい (oi)

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Korean

Hanja

及 (geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune-Reischauer kŭp)

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Vietnamese

Hán tự

及 (cập)

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