反覆

Chinese

		wrong side out or up; anti-	to cover; to overflow; to reply to a letter to cover; to overflow; to reply to a letter; to overturn; to capsize
trad. (反覆)		反	覆
simp. (反复*)		反	复
alternative forms		反復／反复

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǎnfù

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faan² fuk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fán-fu̍k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): péng-phak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang² hog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnfù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnfù
    • Wade–Giles: fan³-fu⁴
    • Yale: fǎn-fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanfuh
    • Palladius: фаньфу (fanʹfu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 反復／反复 反覆

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: faan² fuk¹
    • Yale: fáan fūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan² fuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan² fug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn³⁵ fʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-fu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: fan` fug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fan³ fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ fuk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng-phak
    • Tâi-lô: píng-phak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pefngphag
    • IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰak̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰak̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang² hog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng ho̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ hok̚⁴/

Verb

反覆

1. to go back and forth; to be changeable; to be full of changes

   • 呂布有虓虎之勇，而無英奇之略，輕狡反覆，唯利是視。自古及今，未有若此不夷滅也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     吕布有虓虎之勇，而无英奇之略，轻狡反覆，唯利是视。自古及今，未有若此不夷灭也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE

     Lǚ Bù yǒu xiāohǔ zhī yǒng, ér wú yīngqí zhī lüè, qīng jiǎo fǎnfù, wéilìshìshì. Zìgǔ jíjīn, wèiyǒu ruòcǐ bù yímiè yě. [Pinyin]

     Lü Bu possessed a roaring tiger's valor, yet no strategy of talented and extraordinary people's; he was frivolous, impetuous, and shifty, only looking out for his own gain. From antiquity till now, there was none like this who was not destroyed.

2. to recur; (of disease) to relapse
3. to go back on one's word; to back out

Synonyms

• (to recur): 重複／重复 (chóngfù)

Derived terms

• 反反覆覆 (fǎnfǎnfùfù)
• 反覆不一
• 反覆不定
• 反覆思維／反覆思维
• 反覆無常／反复无常 (fǎnfùwúcháng)
• 循環反覆／循环反覆

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (反覆):

• → Vietnamese: phản phúc (反覆)

Adverb

反覆

1. again and again; repeatedly; time and time again

   反覆推敲／反复推敲  ―  fǎnfù tuīqiāo  ―  to repeatedly scrutinize

   三角肌攣縮症通常是由反覆肌肉注射或外傷所造成的。 [MSC, trad.]
   三角肌挛缩症通常是由反覆肌肉注射或外伤所造成的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Sānjiǎojī luánsuōzhèng tōngcháng shì yóu fǎnfù jīròu zhùshè huò wàishāng suǒ zàochéng de. [Pinyin]

   Deltoid muscle contracture is usually caused by repeated intramuscular injections or trauma.

Synonyms

• 一再 (yīzài)
• 來回／来回 (láihuí)
• 再三 (zàisān)
• 反覆／反复 (fǎnfù)
• 多次 (duōcì)
• 屢屢／屡屡 (lǚlǚ)
• 屢次／屡次 (lǚcì)
• 往復／往复 (wǎngfù)
• 比比 (bǐbǐ)
• 重重 (chóngchóng)
• 頻頻／频频 (pínpín)

 

Noun

反覆

1. reversal; relapse