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See also: 𠮷, , , , , , and
U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409

[U+5408]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+540A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (happy; pleased) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, to be happy) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, to love, to be pleased) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of (hung1), which is homophonous to (hung1, inauspicious).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
    /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
    Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
    Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kit̚³²/
    /kiat̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kik̚²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter kjit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kit̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /kiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /kĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ki̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    ji
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gat1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kjit ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
    English auspicious

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5692
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*klid/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. auspicious; lucky
      Antonym: (xiōng)
        ―    ―  auspicious; lucky
    2. good
    3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
      橫掂喺度不如 [Cantonese, trad.]
      横掂喺度不如 [Cantonese, simp.]
      waang4 dim6 jau5 gaan1 fong4-2 gat1 zo2 hai2 dou6, bat1 jyu4 zou1 bei2 jan4 zyu6 aa1. [Jyutping]
      Since there's an empty room, why don't we rent it out?
      [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gat1 gyun2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
    4. (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
      勞碌一生 [Cantonese, trad.]
      劳碌一生 [Cantonese, simp.]
      lou4 luk1 jat1 sang1 dak1 go3 gat1 [Jyutping]
      A lifetime of laborious hardworking amounts to nothing
    5. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
    6. a surname
    7. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
      一定一定  ―  zhè wǒ yīdìng   ―  I will definitely sue for this
    8. () Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • English: Ji

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    きち
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • (きつ) (kitsu)

    Noun[edit]

    (きち) (kichi

    1. good luck

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    きつ
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    (きつ) (kitsu

    1. Alternative form of (kichi, good luck)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 길할 (gilhal gil))

    1. Hanja form? of (luck).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
    : Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]

    1. chữ Hán form of cát (auspicious, lucky).

    References[edit]