咸

See also: 或, 鹹, and 㖅

Translingual

simpl.		咸
trad.		咸/鹹

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 戌 (“axe”) + 口 (“mouth (person) or clay pot”). To cut off one's head with an ax, depriving them of all they have; alternatively, to break a pot with an ax.

Simplified from 鹹 as well.

Note that 咸 is not derived from 或, and that the characters 口一 are stacked in the opposite order in these characters. Both are ultimately from 戈 (“halberd, spear”).

Han character

咸 (radical 30 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一口 (IHMR), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿴戌口)

1. together
2. all, completely
3. united
4. 31st hexagram of the I Ching
5. salty (only after Chinese Simplified from 鹹)

Derived characters

• 感, 鹹, 諴, 䶢, 箴, 減, 麙, 顑, 椷, 䁍, 葴, 㨔, 緘, 鍼

See also

• 盐

References

• KangXi: page 187, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3563
• Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1404, character 2
• Unihan data for U+54B8

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Chinese

simpl.		咸
trad.		咸/鹹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): hàm
• Min Nan (POJ): kiâm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsien²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haam⁴
    • Yale: hàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /hɑːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ham¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâm
    • Tâi-lô: kiâm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiam²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (咸, reconstructed)
Character (咸), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 匣 (33) Final: 咸 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 胡讒切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɦɣɛm/	/ɣăm/	/ɣɐm/	/ɦɯæm/	/ɦəɨm/	/ɣɐm/	/ɣɐm/

Old Chinese pronunciation (咸, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
咸								xián								‹ hɛm ›								/*[ɡ]ˤr[ə]m/								all; everywhere
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
咸					13515					咸					侵					1					咸					/*ɡrɯːm/					從口從戌會刺口之意，鹹初文

Usage notes

When used to mean "salty," "briny," "salted," or "pickled," 咸 is used as the simplified character, and 鹹 is used as the traditional character. For all other uses, 咸 is used as both the simplified and traditional form.

Compounds

• 咸菜
• 咸淡
• 咸蛋
• 咸津津
• 咸肉
• 咸水
• 咸水湖
• 咸丝丝
• 咸盐

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Japanese

Kanji

咸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: かん (kan), げん (gen)
• Kun: みな (mina)

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Korean

Hanja

咸 (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.