啼哭

Chinese

		mourn; to cry; hoof	to cry; to weep
simp. and trad. (啼哭)		啼	哭

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tíkū

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tai⁴ huk¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thî-khàu / thê-khok

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tíkū
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tíku
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi²-kʻu¹
    • Yale: tí-kū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyiku
    • Palladius: тику (tiku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tai⁴ huk¹
    • Yale: tàih hūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tai⁴ huk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: tei⁴ hug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐi̯²¹ hʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thî-khàu
    • Tâi-lô: thî-khàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ti'qaux
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi¹³⁻²² kʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰau¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi²³⁻³³ kʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi²⁴⁻²² kʰau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thê-khok
    • Tâi-lô: thê-khok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: te'qog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰɔk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: dej khuwk

Rime
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	杜奚切	空谷切
Baxter	dej	khuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛi/	/kʰuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛj/	/kʰəwk̚/
Li Rong	/dei/	/kʰuk̚/
Wang Li	/diei/	/kʰuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiei/	/kʰuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tí	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tai4	huk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤe  [kʰ]ˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*deː  ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tí	kū
Middle Chinese	‹ dej ›	‹ khuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.lˁe/	/*[kʰ]ˁok/
English	weep, howl	weep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啼	哭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2315	16031
Phonetic component	帝	獄
Rime group	支	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	嗁	哭
Old Chinese	/*deː/	/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Notes	同嗁	說文獄省聲

Verb

啼哭

1. to cry loudly; to wail

Synonyms

• 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
• 哭 (kū)
• 哭泣 (kūqì)
• 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
• 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
• 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 啜泣 (chuòqì)
• 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
• 嗆／呛 (Hokkien)
• 嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
• 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
• 忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
• 抽咽 (chōuyè)
• 抽噎 (chōuyē)
• 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
• 抽泣 (chōuqì)
• 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
• 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
• 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
• 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
• 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
• 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
• 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)