坐

See also: 座

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 从 (“two people”) + 土 (“ground”) = two people sitting on the ground.

Han character

坐 (radical 32 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 8810₄, composition ⿻土⿰人人)

1. sit
2. seat
3. ride, travel by
4. (archaic) to offend, to violate (a decree or law)

References

• KangXi: page 225, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
• Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 423, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5750

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		坐

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuò (zuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): co⁵, zo⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): chē / chō

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
    • Wade-Giles: tso⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: co⁵, zo⁶
    • Yale: chóh, joh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁵, dzo⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː¹³/, /t͡sɔː²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē / chō
    • Tâi-lô: tsē / tsō
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se³³/, /t͡sə³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/, /t͡sə²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (坐, reconstructed)
Character (坐), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 從 (15) Final: 戈 Division: I			Openness: Closed Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 徂果切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡zuɑX/	/d͡zʱuɑX/	/d͡zuɑX/	/d͡zuɑX/	/d͡zwaX/	/d͡zuɑX/	/d͡zuɑX/
Character (坐), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 從 (15) Final: 戈 Division: I			Openness: Closed Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 徂卧切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡zuɑH/	/d͡zʱuɑH/	/d͡zuɑH/	/d͡zuɑH/	/d͡zwaH/	/d͡zuɑH/	/d͡zuɑH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (坐, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
坐								zuò								‹ dzwaX ›								/*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/								sit
坐								zuò								‹ dzwaX ›								/*m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/								to set
坐								zuò								‹ dzwaH ›								/*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/								seat n.
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
坐					18064					坐					歌					3					坐					/*zoːlʔ/
坐					18065					坐					歌					3										/*zoːls/

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Japanese

Kanji

坐

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Goon: ざ (za)
• Kan’on: さ (sa)
• Kun: すわる (suwaru), そぞろに (sozoroni), おわす (owasu)

Compounds

• 坐視
• 坐礁
• 坐洲
• 端坐
• 連坐

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Korean

Hanja

坐 (jwa) (hangeul 좌, revised jwa, McCune-Reischauer chwa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

坐 (tọa, ngồi, toà, toạ)

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