垢

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垢 U+57A2, 垢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A2
← 垡
[U+57A1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垣 →
[U+57A3]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

垢 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土竹一口 (GHMR), four-corner 42161, composition ⿰土后)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5058
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+57A2

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 垢
alternative forms 坸
𡊦

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
垢 *koːʔ
詬 *koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩 *koːʔ
姤 *koːs
銗 *ɡoː
骺 *ɡoː
后 *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕 *ɡoːʔ
郈 *ɡoːʔ
逅 *ɡoːs
鲘
缿 *ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kió/kó͘ - literary.
Note:
  • gao2 - vernacular;
  • gou3 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 垢
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 侯 (137)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古厚切
    Baxter kuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kəuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kəuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gau2
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 垢
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5160
    Phonetic
    component         		后
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		苟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    垢

    1. filth; dirt
      油垢  ―  yóugòu  ―  greasy dirt
    2. filthy
    3. (obsolete) dust
    4. (literary) shame
      alt. forms: 詬／诟 (gòu)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 皴 (“grime on one's skin”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 污垢
    Mandarin Beijing 皴兒, 皴, 泥兒, 泥拘拘兒, 泥拘溜兒, 泥卷兒
    Taiwan 污垢
    Harbin 皴
    Luoyang 垢圿
    Xi'an 垢圿
    Yinchuan 垢圿
    Lanzhou 垢圿
    Ürümqi 垢圿
    Wuhan 圪漬
    Chengdu 圿圿
    Guiyang 格膩
    Xuzhou 疙子
    Yangzhou 𪣩
    Nanjing 古漆頭兒, 古漆, 古𪣩
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 垢圿
    Cantonese Guangzhou 老泥
    Hong Kong 老泥
    Taishan 老泥
    Kaiping (Chikan) 老泥
    Dongguan 老絡
    Gan Nanchang 垢圿
    Pingxiang 老㿸, 㿸
    Hakka Meixian 㿸
    Xingning 㿸, 㿸膠哩
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 㿸
    Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 㿸
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 㿸
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 㿸
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 㿸
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 㿸
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 㿸
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 㿸
    Hong Kong 㿸牯
    Jin Taiyuan 圪搓搓
    Xinzhou 黑水
    Northern Min Jian'ou 垢
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 垢
    Southern Min Xiamen 鉎, 垢圿
    Quanzhou 垢圿
    Zhao'an 垢糗
    Taipei 鉎
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 鉎
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 鉎
    New Taipei (Pingxi) 鉎
    Kaohsiung 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 鉎
    Yilan (Luodong) 鉎
    Yilan (Toucheng) 鉎
    Tainan 鉎, 垢圿鉎
    Tainan (Anping) 鉎
    Kinmen 鉎
    Penghu (Magong) 鉎
    Penghu (Xiyu) 鉎
    Manila (Hokkien) 垢圿
    Shantou 垢圿
    Jieyang 垢圿, 垢圿丸
    Leizhou 垢圿
    Haikou 垢圿
    Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 㾪塗
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老泥
    Wu Shanghai 𪣩, 老𪣩
    Danyang 𪣩
    Ningbo 泥鏽
    Wenzhou 零藏
    Xiang Changsha 㿸圿子, 㿸

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    垢

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. grime

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    垢
    あか
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    垢(あか) • (aka) 

    1. scum
    2. dirt

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    垢
    あか
    Hyōgaiji
    (ateji)
    kun’yomi

    ateji (当て字), short for English account.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    垢(あか) • (aka) 

    1. (slang, computing) account
      垢(あか)BAN(バン)
      aka-ban
      ban of one's account
      さっきプレミアム垢(あか)にしてきたので画質(がしつ)テスト版(ばん)です。[1]
      Sakki puremiamu aka ni shitekita no de gashitsu tesuto ban desu.
      I just made my account a premium account, so this is a video quality test version.

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    垢
    く
    Hyōgaiji
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    垢(く) • (ku) 

    1. klesha

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    垢: Hán Nôm readings: cấu, cáu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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