塚

Translingual

Alternative forms

• There are two Unicode z-variants, at code points U+585A and U+FA10

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.

Han character

塚 (radical 32 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月一人 (GBMO), four-corner 4713₂, composition ⿰土冢)

1. cemetery
2. tomb, burial mound

References

• KangXi: page 236, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5345
• Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 476, character 7
• Unihan data for U+585A
• Unihan data for U+FA10

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		塚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǒng (zhong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung²
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ):
• Min Nan (POJ): thióng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chung³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cung²
    • Yale: chúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thióng
    • Tâi-lô: thióng
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (塚, reconstructed)
Character (塚), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 知 (9) Final: 鍾 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 知隴切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʈɨoŋX/	/ȶi̯woŋX/	/ȶioŋX/	/ʈioŋX/	/ʈuawŋX/	/ȶĭwoŋX/	/ȶioŋX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (塚, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
塚					1617					豖					東					0					冢					/*toŋʔ/					冢轉註俗字

Definitions

塚

1. variant of 冢

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Japanese

Kanji

塚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mound, hillock, tumulus (implies a manmade origin)

Readings

• Goon: ちゅう (chū) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: ちょう (chō) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: つか (tsuka)

Etymology

Wikipedia ^ja Wikipedia

Kanji in this term

塚

つか Grade: S

kun'yomi

Cognate with Old Japanese verb 築く (tsuku, “to build up using earth and/or stone”).

The /a/ ending may indicate that tsuka developed as the nominalization of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of the verb, suggesting an original meaning of "that which is being built up into an earthworks (but isn't finished yet)". The irrealis is also the root form for constructing the passive form of all Japanese verbs, so the original meaning might instead have been just the passive sense of "that which is built up into an earthworks".

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) つか​ [tsùkáꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɯᵝka̠]

Alternative forms

• 冢

Noun

塚 (hiragana つか, romaji tsuka)

1. a mound or hillock, generally manmade
2. a grave, a tumulus or burial mound

Derived terms

Derived terms

一里塚 (いちりづか) (ichirizuka): a milestone 貝塚 (かいづか) (kaizuka): a shell mound or midden

Synonyms

• (grave, small burial mound): 墓 (はか) (haka)
• (tumulus, large burial mound): 古墳 (こふん) (kofun)

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Korean

Hanja

塚 (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune-Reischauer ch'ong)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

塚 (trủng)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.