塞

Translingual

Han character

塞 (radical 32 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金土 (JTCG), four-corner 3010₄, composition ⿱𡨄土)

1. stop up, block, seal, cork
2. pass, frontier; border
3. fortress

References

• KangXi: page 236, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5349
• Dae Jaweon: page 474, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 475, character 1
• Unihan data for U+585E

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		塞

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sāi, sài, sè (sai¹, sai⁴, se⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄞ, ㄙㄞˋ, ㄙㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coi³, sak¹
• Min Nan (POJ): sat / sài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: sāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄞ
    • Wade-Giles: sai¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sai
    • IPA ^(key): /saɪ̯⁵⁵/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: sài
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄞˋ
    • Wade-Giles: sai⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: say
    • IPA ^(key): /saɪ̯⁵¹/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: sè
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
    • Wade-Giles: sê⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
    • IPA ^(key): /sɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: coi³, sak¹
    • Yale: choi, sāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi³, sak⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/, /sɐk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat / sài
    • Tâi-lô: sat / sài
    • IPA (Taipei): /sat̚³²/, /saɪ¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sat̚³²/, /saɪ²¹/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (塞, reconstructed)
Character (塞), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 心 (16) Final: 咍 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 先代切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/sʌiH/	/sɑ̆iH/	/sᴀiH/	/səiH/	/səjH/	/sɒiH/	/sɒiH/
Character (塞), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 心 (16) Final: 德 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 蘇則切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/sək̚/	/sək̚/	/sək̚/	/sək̚/	/sək̚/	/sək̚/	/sək̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (塞, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
塞								sài								‹ sojH ›								/*[s]ˤək-s/								frontier
塞								sài								‹ sojH ›								/*[s]ˤək-s/								pass (n.)
塞								sè								‹ sok ›								/*[s]ˤək/								stop up, block (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
塞					10958					塞					代					0					賽					/*slɯːɡs/
塞					10961					塞					職					0					塞					/*slɯːɡ/

Compounds

• sāi
  • 塞车
  • 塞牙
  • 塞子
• sài
  • 塞北
  • 塞尔维亚
  • 塞拉利昂
  • 塞纳河
  • 塞内加尔
  • 塞浦路斯
  • 塞舌尔
  • 塞外
  • 塞维利亚
  • 塞翁失马
• sè
  • 塞擦音
  • 塞音
  • 塞责

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

塞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: そく (soku), さい (sai)
• Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu), みちる (michiru), とりで (toride)

Compounds

• 塞翁が馬
• 要塞 (ようさい, yōsai)
• 城塞 (じょうさい, jōsai)

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Korean

Hanja

塞 (sae, saek) (hangeul 새, 색, revised sae, saek, McCune-Reischauer sae, saek, Yale say, sayk)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

塞 (tắc, tái)

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