夃

Translingual

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𠄎 (“strain”) + 夂 (“go slowly”) – straining and slowly moving (because having trouble with the abundance of goods carried).

From the Shuowen: “秦以市買多得爲夃。从𠄎从夂，益至也。从乃。[...]乃，難意也。” (“During the Qin, purchasing too much at the market was known as 夃. Derived from 𠄎 and 夂. It means "to exceed/augment." [𠄎 is] from 乃. [...] [In this context] 乃 means strain/trouble/difficulty”)

Han character

夃 (radical 34 夂+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹尸水 (NHSE), 弓尸竹水 (NSHE), four-corner 1722₇, composition ⿵乃又)

1. (literally) to purchase (excessively)
2. (figuratively) to exceed, augment

References

• KangXi: page 244, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5693
• Dae Jaweon: page 485, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 393, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5903

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		夃

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gū, gǔ, yíng (gu¹, gu³, ying²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ, ㄍㄨˇ, ㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu², gwu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gū
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
    • Wade-Giles: ku¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
    • IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ku³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ying²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yng
    • IPA ^(key): /iŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu², gwu²
    • Yale: gú, gwú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu², gwu²
    • IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵/, /kʷuː³⁵/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (夃, reconstructed)
Character (夃), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 模 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 公戸切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kuoX/	/kuoX/	/koX/	/kuoX/	/kɔX/	/kuX/	/koX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (夃, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
夃					4281					夃					魚					0					古					/*kaːʔ/

Definitions

夃

(archaic) of 賈, to buy (excessively/abundantly)

夃

(archaic) of 赢, to augment, increase, add

Usage notes

The "yíng" reading is only used for the "to augment, increase, add" definition.

References

• (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 90

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Japanese

Kanji

夃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On: こ (ko), く (ku), えい (ei)
• Kun: もうける (moukeru), うる (uru), しばらく (shibaraku)