天
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Translingual[edit]
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Phonosemantic interpretation[edit]
Old Chinese Initial /*t-/ lends semantic value Straight. Final consonant /*-n/lends semantic value Adhere/Be Proximate. Semantic indicator 大 person standing outstretched + phono-semantic indicator a line above the head indicating the horizon (compare 旦) → top of the head (of a person standing outstretched and uniting heaven and earth). Compare 王. Source: Howell & Morimoto
Etymology[edit]
A top line representing the level above a man with outstretched arms (大).
Han character[edit]
天 (radical 37 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一大 (MK), four-corner 10430, composition ⿱一大)
Note: The top line can be either longer or shorter than the arms.
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 248, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5833
- Dae Jaweon: page 500, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 522, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5929
Cantonese[edit]
Hanzi[edit]
天 (Yale tin1)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (archaic) the sky, the heavens
- the area above a kitchen stove:
- where the smoke collects in an old kitchen using a wood-burning stove
- a shelf or shelves above the stove
- (archaic) heaven
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Japanese ama (see above). Likely derived by fusion of ama + い (i, emphatic nominative particle), similar to the derivation of other words such as 神 (kami, kamu + i), 目 (me, ma + i), etc.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Idioms[edit]
- 天に跼り地に蹐む (あめにせかがまりつちにぬきあしにふむ, ame ni sekagamari tsuchi ni nukiashinifumu; あめにせぐくまりつちにぬきあしにふむ, ame ni segukumari tsuchi ni nukiashinifumu): “in heaven, bow and step carefully on the ground” → to be humble and respectful in heaven
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle Chinese 天. Compare modern Mandarin 天 (tiān).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Idioms[edit]
- 天に唾する (てんにつばする, ten ni tsuba suru): “to spit at heaven” → a metaphor for courting disaster
- 天にも昇る心地 (てんにものぼるここち, ten ni mo noboru kokochi): “a feeling like rising to heaven” → being in seventh heaven, a really good feeling
- 天を衝く (てんをつく, ten o tsuku): “to pierce the heavens” → to tower, to be very tall
Derived terms[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
天
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 천 (revised: cheon, McCune-Reischauer: ch'ŏn)
- Name (hangeul): 하늘()
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 天子 (천자, cheonja) king
- 天才 (천재, cheonjae) genius
- 天地 (천지, cheonji) heaven and earth
- 天平秤 (천평칭, cheonpyeongching) scale, balance
- 天下 (천하, cheonha) all the world over
Mandarin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
-
audio (file)
Noun[edit]
天 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin tiān)
Hanzi[edit]
天 (pinyin tiān (tian1), Wade-Giles t'ien1)
Compounds[edit]
Middle Chinese[edit]
Han character[edit]
天 (*then)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- Han characters
- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese archaic terms
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean hanja
- Hanja readings
- Mandarin nouns in simplified script
- Mandarin nouns in traditional script
- Mandarin nouns
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin entries with audio links
- cmn:Time in simplified script
- cmn:Time in traditional script
