夫

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See also: 未, 禾, 夭, 天, and 兂

Translingual[edit]

Etymology[edit]

夫 夫 夫 夫
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) A man 大 with an hairpin 一 in his hair. In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Han character[edit]

夫 (radical 37 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030)

  1. man, male adult, husband
  2. he, she, they, those, this, that

See also[edit]

  • 替 賛 (top simplified from 竝 and 兟)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 248, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 521, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592B

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 夫

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (夫, reconstructed)
Character (夫), Pronunciation 1/2

Initial: 並 (3)
Final: 虞
Division: III

Openness: Closed
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 防無切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/bɨo/ /bʱi̯u/ /bio/ /bio/ /buə̆/ /bĭu/ /bio/
Character (夫), Pronunciation 2/2

Initial: 幫 (1)
Final: 虞
Division: III

Openness: Closed
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 甫無切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/pɨo/ /pi̯u/ /pio/ /pio/ /puə̆/ /pĭu/ /pio/
Old Chinese pronunciation (夫, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
夫 fū ‹ pju › /*p(r)a/ man
夫 fú ‹ bju › /*[b]a/ this, that
夫 fú ‹ bju › /*ba/ final particle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
夫 3274 夫 魚 0 跗 /*pa/
夫 3281 夫 魚 0 扶 /*ba/

Noun[edit]

夫

  1. husband
    丈夫 husband, 夫妇 married couple
  2. ​man, male adult
  3. manual worker
    农夫 peasant, 渔夫 fisherman

Pronoun[edit]

夫

  1. (classical) he, she, they, those, this, that

Particle[edit]

夫

  1. ​ (literary) sentence-final, meaning "Is it not?" or "Isn't it?"
  2. ​ (literary) initial particle which introduces a topic
    • Spring and Autumn Period or Warring States Period, 孙武 (Sun Wu), 孫子 (The Art of War):
      夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。
      The general is the country's defense. If the defense is solid, the country can only be strong; if it has gaps, then the country can only be weak.
Usage notes[edit]

Not used as an independent character in modern Chinese. Only found in compounds.

Compounds[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Noun[edit]

夫 (hiragana おっと, romaji otto)

  1. (humble) (one's own) husband

夫 (hiragana つま, romaji tsuma)

  1. spouse, consort

Kanji[edit]

See also:
夫

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

夫 (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune-Reischauer pu)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

夫 (phu)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
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