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U+5B54, 孔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B54

[U+5B53]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5B55]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 39, +1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓木山 (NDU), four-corner 12410, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 277, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6933
  • Dae Jaweon: page 544, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1008, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B54

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions: Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): 丿 (opening) + (child) – opening in the skull of a newborn, i.e. fontanelle.

Etymology[edit]

"hole"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (hole; orifice; inner part). (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, hole), Jingpho ladi hku (lədî hkū, nostril), Chepang घाङ्‌ (gʰaŋ, hole), Burmese အခေါင်း (a.hkaung:, hollow place; cavity), Naxi kho³³ (cave; hole; pit) (STEDT).
"peacock"
Starostin reconstructs (OC *khōŋ) and compares it to Proto-Vietic *k-voːŋ. Compare also Semai kuwok, Semnam kwɔːŋ.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • kháng - vernacular;
  • khóng - literary.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (1)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter khuwngX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰuŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰuŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰuŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰəwŋX/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰuŋX/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰuŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰuŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    kǒng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hung2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    kǒng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ khuwngX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]ʰˁoŋʔ/
    English (surname)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7489
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰloːŋʔ/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. hole; aperture; opening
        ―  kǒng  ―  nostril
    2. classifier for cave dwellings, oil wells, etc..
    3. (literary, for irrigation, drainage) ditch; trench; canal; channel
    4. (literary, or in compounds) profound; far-reaching
    5. (literary, or in compounds) unimpeded; unblocked
    6. (literary, or in compounds) large
    7. (literary, or in compounds) fine
    8. (literary, or in compounds) very; extremely
    9. (literary, or in compounds) peacock; peafowl
    10. a surname
        ―  Kǒng Xiángxī  ―  H. H. Kung (Chinese banker and politician)
    11. (specifically) Short for 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ, “Confucius”).
        ―  Kǒng  ―  worship of Confucius
        ―  pī Lín pī Kǒng  ―  (historical) Criticize Lin Biao and Confucius movement
    12. (Quanzhou Hokkien) classifier for partitioned grid units in a tool.

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (hole):
    • (very):
    • (peacock): 孔雀 (kǒngquè)
    • (Confucius):

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. cavity

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 구멍 (gumeong gong))

    1. Hanja form? of (opening, hole).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: khổng, hỏng, hổng, khỏng, khủng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.