孝

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): 耂 + 子, 耂 as phonetic, 子 as semantic.

Alternative explanation: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 (“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老.

Han character

孝 (radical 39 子+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大弓木 (JKND), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱耂子)

1. filial piety
2. obedience
3. mourning

Derived characters

• 教 酵 痚

Related characters

• 老

References

• KangXi: page 278, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6952
• Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1011, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5B5D

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		孝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiào (xiao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau³
• Min Nan (POJ): hà / hàu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiao⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaw
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau³
    • Yale: haau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau³
    • IPA ^(key): /hɑːu̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hà / hàu
    • Tâi-lô: hà / hàu
    • IPA (Taipei): /ha¹¹/, /haʊ¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha²¹/, /haʊ²¹/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (孝, reconstructed)
Character (孝), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 曉 (32) Final: 肴 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 呼敎切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/hɣauH/	/xauH/	/xauH/	/hɯauH/	/haɨwH/	/xauH/	/xauH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (孝, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
孝								xiào								‹ xæwH ›								/*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s/								filial
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
孝					13771					孝					幽					1					孝					/*qʰruːs/

Compounds

• 孝道
• 孝服
• 孝敬
• 孝男
• 孝女
• 孝顺
• 孝堂
• 孝心
• 孝行
• 孝衣
• 孝子
• 孝子贤孙

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Japanese

Kanji

孝

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

Source : mahou kanji dictionary - 孝 (Takashi)

• Goon: きょう (kyō)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Nanori: たか (taka) , たかし (takashi), のり (nori), よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 孝敬
• 孝行
• 孝情
• 孝心

Proper noun

孝 (hiragana たかし, romaji Takashi)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

孝 (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune-Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

孝 (hiếu, hếu)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.