孤

Translingual

Han character

孤 (radical 39 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女人 (NDHVO), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿰子瓜)

1. orphan, fatherless
2. solitary

References

• KangXi: page 279, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
• Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1014, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5B64

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Cantonese

Hanzi

孤 (Jyutping gu1, Yale gu1)

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Japanese

Kanji

孤

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. solitude, alone
2. orphan

Readings

• Goon: く (ku) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: こ (ko)
• Kun: みなしご (minashigo), ひとり (hitori)

Etymology 1

From Sinitic 孤.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

孤 (hiragana こ, romaji ko)

1. an orphan
2. solitude

Etymology 2

Jukujikun kanji use for the term みなしご, itself a compound of 身 (mi, “identity, family”) + 無 (nashi, “none, without”) + 子 (ko, “child”). The final syllable's ko reading changes to go due to rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [mina̠ɕiɡ̃o̞]
• IPA^(key): /mi.na.si.ɡo/, [minäɕiɡo̞], [minäɕiŋo̞]

Noun

孤 (hiragana みなしご, romaji minashigo)

1. orphan

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Korean

Hanja

孤 (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune-Reischauer ko)

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Compounds

• 孤兒院 (고아원, goawon, “orphanage”)

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Mandarin

Hanzi

孤 (Pinyin gū (gu1), Wade-Giles ku¹)

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Vietnamese

Han character

孤 (cô, co, còi, côi, go, gò)

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