宮

See also: 宫 and 官

Translingual

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 + 呂: many rooms under a roof (a palace).

Han character

宮 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十口竹口 (JRHR), four-corner 3060₆, composition ⿱宀呂)

1. palace
2. temple
3. dwelling
4. enclose
5. first note in the Chinese pentatonic scale (do)

Related characters

• 宫
• 官

References

• KangXi: page 285, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7156
• Dae Jaweon: page 564, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian: not present, would follow volume 2, page 936, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5BAE

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Chinese

		-
trad.		宮
simp.		宫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Min Nan (POJ): king / kiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: kung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: king / kiong
    • Tâi-lô: king / kiong
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiŋ⁴⁴/, /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiŋ³⁴/, /kiɔŋ³⁴/
  • Note: king - vernacular, kiong - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (宮, reconstructed)
Character (宮), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 東 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 居戎切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɨuŋ/	/ki̯uŋ/	/kiuŋ/	/kiuŋ/	/kuwŋ/	/kĭuŋ/	/kiuŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (宮, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
宮								gōng								‹ kjuwng ›								/*k(r)uŋ/								dwelling; palace; note of scale
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
宮					4147					宮					終					0					弓					/*kuŋ/

Definitions

宮

1. womb; uterus
   • 子宫／子宮 ("uterus, womb")
   • 宫颈／宮頸 ("cervix")
2. castration (one of the imperial five punishments of feudal China 五刑)

Noun

宮

1. palace
2. temple
3. (first note in the Chinese pentatonic scale)

Proper noun

宮

1. A surname​.

Compounds

• 宮爆
• 宮爆雞丁

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

宮

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. a shrine; a palace

Readings

• Goon: く (ku)
• Kan’on: きゅう (kyū)
• Kan’yōon: ぐう (gū)
• Kun: みや (miya)
• Nanori: いえ (ie), たか (taka)

Etymology

/mi₁ya/ > /miya/

From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• みや (Heiban)
• IPA^(key): [mi.ja̠]

Noun

宮 (hiragana みや, romaji miya)

1. the place where a god resides; a shrine
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)

     Miya. ミヤ (宮) 神 (Camis)の社.

2. the place where a ruler resides; a palace
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)

     Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿

3. a member of the imperial family
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)

     Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿

Proper noun

宮 (hiragana みや, romaji Miya)

1. A surname​.

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Korean

Hanja

宮 (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune-Reischauer kung)

1. (집 궁): house
2. (대궐 궁): palace

Compounds

• 宮殿 (궁전, gungjeon) royal palace
• 宮合 (궁합, gunghab) marital harmony
• 宮刑 (궁형, gunghyeong) genital punishment

• 迷宮 (미궁, migung) maze, labyrinth
• 尙宮 (상궁, sanggung) court lady
• 子宮 (자궁, jagung) womb cf. 아기집

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Vietnamese

Han character

宮 (cung)

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