家

See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡

Translingual

Han character

家 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 3023₂, composition ⿱宀豕)

Derived characters

• 傢 嫁 稼

References

• KangXi: page 286, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
• Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 930, character 15
• Unihan data for U+5BB6

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		家

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

Furthermore, 豕, which is supposed in the traditional interpretation but not supported by modern views, is an abbreviation of 豭 (jiā, "male pig, boar") (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 in Old Chinese (both *kˁra in the Baxter-Sagart system, 2011). 豭 is further composed of the phonetic part 叚 (jiǎ, from Old Chinese *kˁraʔ, "to borrow") and the semantic part 豕 ("pig").

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiā (jia¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): kâ
• Min Nan (POJ): ke / ka
• Wu (WT Romanisation): ka (T1); jia (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: chia¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠⁵⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaa¹
    • Yale: gā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ka²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke / ka
    • Tâi-lô: ke / ka
    • IPA (Taipei): /ke⁴⁴/, /ka⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke³⁴/, /ka³⁴/
  • Note: ka is literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: ka (T1); jia (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /kᴀ⁵³/, /t͡ɕiᴀ⁵³/
  • Note: 1jia is literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (家, reconstructed)
Character (家), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 麻 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 古牙切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɣa/	/ka/	/ka/	/kɯa/	/kaɨ/	/ka/	/ka/

Old Chinese pronunciation (家, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
家								jiā								‹ kæ ›								/*kˤra/								household
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
家					5919					家					魚					0					嘉					/*kraː/

Noun

家 (classifier 個／个)

1. (Beginning Mandarin) home

   我的家就在這裡。 [MSC, trad.]

   我的家就在这里。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ. [Pinyin]

   My home is here.

2. (Beginning Mandarin) family; household
3. school of thought; philosophical school

   儒家  ―  Rújiā  ―  Confucian school

   道家  ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School

Suffix

家

1. specialist in a certain activity or field -ist; -er; -ary; -ian

   藝術家 / 艺术家  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist

   科學家 / 科学家  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist

Pronoun

家

1. (polite, for family member) my

Classifier

家

1. measure word for families or businesses

Synonyms

• (home, family): 家裡／家里, 家裏／家里
• (family): 家庭, 家族

Compounds

Related terms

家财 家蚕 家产 家长里短, 家长里短儿 家常 家常便饭 家常话 家仇 家丑 家畜 家传 家祠 家慈 家大业大 家当, 家当儿 家道 家底, 家底儿 家电 家丁 家法 家访 家风 家父 家鸽 家馆 家规 家户 家伙 家鸡 家给人足 家计 家祭 家家, 家家儿 家家户户 家教 家姐 家景 家境 家居 家具 家眷 家君 家口 家累 家里 家门 家庙 家母 家娘 家奴 家贫如洗 家破人亡 家谱 家雀儿 家禽 家人

家舍 家生子, 家生子儿 家声 家什 家史 家世 家事 家室 家书 家属 家鼠 家数 家私 家天下 家庭 家庭病床 家庭承包 家庭妇女 家庭教育 家庭手工业 家庭影院 家徒四壁 家兔 家蚊 家屋 家无担石, 家无儋石 家务 家弦胡诵 家乡 家小 家信 家兄 家学 家训 家鸭 家严 家宴 家燕 家养 家业 家蝇 家用 家鱼 家喻户晓 家园 家院 家宅 家长 家长制 家珍 家种 家主 家传 家资 家子 家族

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Japanese

Kanji

家

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: け (ke), く (ku) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: か (ka), こ (ko) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: いえ (ie), や (ya), うち (uchi)

Compounds

• 家屋
• 家具
• 家族

• 家庭
• 家禽 (かきん, kakin, “domestic fowls, poultry”)

Etymology 1

/ihe1/: [ipe] → [iɸe] → [iwe] → [ie]. Possibly related to io.

Noun

家 (hiragana いえ, romaji ie)

1. a house
2. one's own home
3. a home; a household
4. a family

Suffix

家 (hiragana か, romaji -ka)

1. (as suffix) an expert, professional, performer

Etymology 2

Cognate with 内 (uchi).

Noun

家 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

1. a house
2. one's house

Suffix

家 (hiragana け, romaji -ke)

1. a suffix representing relationship to a family

   平 (たいら)家 (け)

   taira-ke

   the Taira family

Etymology 3

A contraction of uchi → chi. Often following the genitive case marker no which contracts to n.

Noun

家 (hiragana ち, romaji chi)

1. house

   俺 (おれ)ん家 (ち)に来 (こ)ない？

   ore n chi ni konai?

   Wanna come to my place?

Noun

家 (hiragana や, romaji ya)

1. house

Suffix

家 (hiragana や, romaji -ya)

1. house of something, place where some business is conducted
2. person who does that thing

See also

• 者 (しゃ, -sha)
• 手 (しゅ, -shu)

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Korean

Hanja

家 (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, McCune-Reischauer ka, ko)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Compounds

Derived terms

가구 (家口, gagu) 가장 (家長, gajang) 가정 (家庭, gajeong) 가족 (家族, gajok) 작가 (作家, jakga)

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Vietnamese

Han character

家 (gia, nhà)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.