From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+5BE1, 寡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE1

[U+5BE0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5BE2]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 40, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十一金竹 (JMCH), four-corner 30227, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7286
  • Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5BE1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𠆣
alternative forms 𧵿
𡩼
𠆣

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

In the bronze script from the Western Zhou period, it was originally an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (house) + (head) — only one person in the house; alone.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, two decorative strokes were added around . The seal script found in Shuowen adds two additional strokes, making the component under appear as and , leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (house) + (to distribute).

Etymology[edit]

Related to (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”), (OC *kʷaː, “orphan; alone”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa, solitary place; desert; wilderness), Tibetan སྒོས (sgos, private; individual).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • 2ko - vernacular;
  • 2kua - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (99)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter kwaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠuaX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwaɨX/
Li
Rong
/kuaX/
Wang
Li
/kwaX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kwaX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guǎ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwaa2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
guǎ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kwæX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[C.k]ʷˁraʔ/
English few

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4400
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷraːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

  1. few; scant
      ―  guǎdé zhī rén  ―  person of meager virtue
  2. widowed
  3. widow
  4. alone; friendless
  5. tasteless
    淨係好似 [Cantonese, trad.]
    净系好似 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zing6 hai6 sik6 coi3 hou2 ci5 gwaa2 zo2 di1 wo3. [Jyutping]
    It's kind of tasteless to eat vegetables only.
  6. (Hokkien) some
    菜市仔青菜 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    菜市仔青菜 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa khì chhài-chhī-á bé kóa chheⁿ-chhài. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I'm going to the market to buy some vegetables.
  7. (Central Min) one

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. few, scant
  2. to decrease
  3. lonely
  4. widow, widower
  5. lowly (humble; of low virtue)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kan’on

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

() (ka

  1. minority
    ()()って(しゅう)(せい)する
    ka o motte shū o seisuru
    Majority can be conquered by minority.
Antonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
やもめ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(やもめ) (yamome

  1. widow
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 적을 (jeogeul gwa))

  1. Hanja form? of (widowed, alone).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: quả, góa/goá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.